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1、脊柱Vertebralcolumn基础医学院人体解剖教研室Thevertebralcolumn脊柱consistsof24vertebrae,thesacrum,andthecoccyx.一、Vertebrae椎骨Thereare33vertebraeinchildren,arrangedasfollows:Cervicalvertebrae颈椎C.7Thoracicvertebrae胸椎T.12Lumbarvertebrae腰椎L.5Sacralvertebrae骶椎S.5sacrum骶骨Coccygealvertebrae尾椎Co.3~4coccyx尾骨Ge
2、neralfeaturesofvertebraeVertebralbody椎体Vertebralarch椎弓pedicleofvertebralarch椎弓根:sup.andinf.Vertebralnotch椎上、下切迹laminaofvertebralarch椎弓板process(7):spinousprocess棘突transverseprocess横突sup.andinf.articularprocesses上、下关节突Vertebralforamen椎孔Vertebralcanal椎管Intervertebralforamen椎间孔Regionalva
3、riationsofvertebraeCervicalvertebraeVertebraeBody:smallVertebralforamen:largerandtriangularSpinousprocesses:shortandbifidinC3toC5,longinC6,andlongerinC7Transverseprocesses:shortandbifid,transverseforamen横突孔Articularprocesses:horizontalAtypicalvertebeaeAtlas寰椎(C1)Bodyandspinousprocess
4、absent,consistsofanteriorandposteriorarches,andtwolateralmassesGrooveforvertebralartery椎动脉沟Axis枢椎(C2):distinguishedbydens齿突whicharticulateswithdentalfoveaofanteriorarchofatlasCarotidtubercle:颈动脉结节:anteriortubercleoftransverseprocessofC6Vertebraprominens隆椎(C7):containslongandnon-bifid
5、spinousprocess,itisvisiblewithneckflexed,usedasclinicallandmarkincountingcervicalandthoracicspinousprocessesThoracicvertebraeVertebraeBody：heart-shape,superiorandinferiorcostalfovea上、下肋凹Vertebralforamen：smaller,rounderSpinousprocesses：long,pointobliquelydownwardTransverseprocesses：tr
6、ansversecostalfovea横突肋凹Articularprocesses:coronalLumbarvertebraeVertebraeBody：larger,kidney-shapeVertebralforamen:largerandtriangularSpinousprocesses:projectshorizontallyTransverseprocesses:longArticularprocesses:sagittalSacrumAnteriorsurface:promontory岬,anteriorsacralforamina骶前孔(fou
7、rpairs)Posteriorsurface:mediansacralcrest骶正中嵴,posteriorsacralforamina(fourpairs),sacralhiatus骶管裂孔，sacralcornu骶角Lateralpart:auricularsurface耳状面,sacraltuberosity骶粗隆二、ArticulationsofVertebrae椎骨的连结JointsofthevertebralbodiesJointsofthevertebralarches1.Jointsofthevertebralbodies椎体间的连结Inter
8、vertebraldis
