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1、TheNegotiatedCityImageAndrezJanssonIntroductionThecityistheprimelocusofmodernconsumerism.Firstofall,itisthespaceinwhichmostcommercialcentreareconcentratedshops,restaurants,culturalestablishments,sportsarenasandsoon.Urbanareasarethelocationsofeconomicandsymbolicexchange.Secondly,thecityenviro
2、nmentprovidesaforumforculturalimpressionsandexpressions.AsnotedintheclassicalwritingsofSimmelandBenjamin,themetropolisincorporatesanentiresystemofrooms,stagesandpassageswherethereflexiveindividualcangainsymbolicexperiences,aswellasmanifestinghisorheridentity.Thirdly,sincethemajorcitiesalsoin
3、corporateamajorityofthecultureindustries,includingmostmediafirms,advertisingagenciesanddesigncompanies,theyarealsotheepicenterfromwhichagreatshareofthesymbolicflowsemanate.Incontemporarysociety,significantsharesofpeopledculturalhorizonsareshapedbytheimagesandmessagesarisinginmetropolitancont
4、exts,manyofwhicharegeographicallydistant.Finally,intheshapeoftraveldestinations,citiesareturnedintotheobjectsofdirectconsumption.Thedominantimageofthecity,intermsofhistoricalnarrative,personalities,buildings,companies,etc.,isnormallyconsumedinamannerinfluencedbycommercialactors,reinforcedbym
5、ediatedsigns.Professionalimage-makersarecontinuouslyworkingonthesymbolicrefuelingofthecity-as-commodity.However,thecreationofthecityimageisnotonlyamatterofculturalpolicy.Whatthecityactuallybecomes,andhowdifferentgroupsexperienceit,dependupontheactivitiesofsocialactorsaswellassystemicforces・F
6、orexample,eventhoughtherearestronghegemonicforces,foundeduponalliancesbetweenpolitical,culturalandecon-omicactors,supportingadominantimageofthecity,alternativeandoppositionalgroupingsarealwayschallengingsuchpointsofview(seeFigure1).Currently,theclearestexamplesarcdefinitelytheinternational"r
7、eclaimthestreets'and'reclaimthecity'movements(seeKlein,2000).Andduringthepastfewyears,top-levelpoliticalmeetingssuchastheonesinSeattle,Prague,GoteborgandGenoahaveledtoworld-widemediaexposureoftheintensifiedstruggleoverurbanspaceingeneralandcertainc
