姚鼐古文辞类纂评点的研究

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1、摘要姚靠执教扬州书院时因教授古文的需要，遂编《古文辞类纂》并附评点，以便弟子学习。但作为桐城文派的集大成者，姚鼎的评点不可避免地会体现出他选文、论文的观点。先是在序言中明确提出“神理气味格律声色”的选评标准，之后在评语中不仅指点古文写作的行文安排技巧，更是流露出对阳刚风格的偏爱，使其评点独具特色。《古文辞类纂》评点所体现出的文学思想也与前人不同。姚靠对所选的文章以“为用”为准分类，将应用性文章与文学性文章区分开来;又通过“神理气味格律声色”说在具体评点中强调文学的艺术性与审美性，更合理地对待文与道的关

2、系，将杂文学与纯文学逐渐分离，这些思想对桐城前辈方苞《古文约选》评点体现出的“义法”说及刘大极《精选八家文钞》评点体现出的“神气”“音节”论都是一种超越。《古文辞类纂》对前人的评点有借鉴继承，对后世也有影响。其自成书后由手抄到诸家翻刻，各家版本、评注层出不穷，其影响从江浙一区向全国范围辐射。姚算的门人弟子渐多，后学者、私淑者更众，桐城派终成有清一代影响最大的散文流派，《古文辞类纂》作为教材功不可没。在姚氏此书的影响下，清末民初又出现了一系列续本:王先谦《续古文辞类纂》、黎庶昌《续古文辞类纂》，直至蒋瑞

3、藻的《新古文辞类纂稿本》刊行，桐城派才算终结。关键词:姚慕;《古文辞类纂》;评点;文学思想AbstractWhileteachingin、恤ngzhoucollege，YaoNaieditedthebooknamed“comPileofworksofancientessaysandodes”.Inordertomakeiteasier，Yaodidsomeeommentsonthoseancientworksinhisbook.11wasnodoubtthathiseommentsintheeomPi

4、leembodiedYao’5attitudetowardsliterature.InthePrologue，hefirstlygaveoutthestandardsofchoosingessaysandodes，andthenPointedoutthetechniquesof二anginganancientessayintheeomments.Hisfavoritestylemadetheeommentsmorecharacteristie.Theideaembodiedin、恤。’5bookwas

5、differentfromthatofaneientones.、恤。elssfiedessaysandodeswithstandard“aimofuse”，Paraetiealandliteraryone.AlsoheemPhasizedtheartofliterature，andseParatedthemixedliteratureandthePureliteraturegradually.TheseideasexeeededFangBaoandLiuDakui’5.Thisbook，eomPile

6、ofworksofancientessaysandodes，hadbeencoPiedseveraltimessineeYaofinishedit.TheinfluenceofthisbooksPreadaroundthecountry.Sineethen，moreandmorePeoPlestartedtoleamfromYao.50TongchengsehoolbeeamethemostimPortantsehoolinQingdynasty.Asatextbook，eomPileofworkso

7、faneientessaysandodes，PlayedanimPoriantrole.Keywords:YaoNai;theeompileofworksofaneientessaysandodes;eomment;literatureideal目录引言········································································……1第一章《古文辞类纂》的版本与选文第一节古文评点之源流·························

8、····················……2第二节《古文辞类纂》的版本及流传······························……6第三节《古文辞类纂》的选文·······································……8第二章《古文辞类纂》评点的特色第一节评点的标准与目的··········································……14第二节评点的艺术特点····················