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1、Networks:GamesoverNetworksandPeerE ectsDaronAcemogluMITJuly22,2014.DaronAcemoglu(MIT)NetworksJuly22,2014.1/49GamesoverNetworksandPeerE ectsIntroductionIntroductionThepotentialimportanceofvariousdi erenttypesofexternalities(e.g.,humancapitalexternalities)an
2、dpeere ectsarewellrecognized.Agrowingempiricalliteratureinvestigatestheextentofsuche ectsindi erentcontexts.Networksgiveapowerfullanguageforthesystematictheoreticalandempiricalinvestigationofsuchexternalities.Butevenmoreimportantly,theendogeneity(andtheass
3、ociatedidenti cation)challengescanbebestunderstoodbyconsideringeconomicdecisionsinanetworksetting.Finally,network-basedapproachescanalsoclarifyandhelptheempiricalchallengesinthisarea.DaronAcemoglu(MIT)NetworksJuly22,2014.2/49GamesoverNetworksandPeerE ectsP
4、lanPlanNetworksandexternalities.Gamesovernetworksandpeere ects".Identi cationproblems".Empiricalapproaches.Application.Whathasbeenleftoutofthislecture:endogenousnetworkformationandempiricalimplications.Conclusion.DaronAcemoglu(MIT)NetworksJuly22,2014.3/4
5、9GamesoverNetworksandPeerE ectsNetworksandExternalitiesNetworksandExternalitiesConsidertheproblemofhumancapitalexternalities.Butwhocreatesexternalitiesonwhom?1Lucas(JournalofMonetaryEconomics,1988):humancapitalexternalitiesfromeachworkertoeverybodyelse.2Ma
6、rshall(PrinciplesofEconomics,1920):humancapitalexternalitiesfromworkerstoothersinthesamelocationandindustry.3JaneJacobs(TheEconomyoftheCity,1970):humancapitalexternalitieswithincities,andinhermorespeci cversion,betweenmanagersindi erentindustrieswithinthes
7、amecity.4Rauch(JournalofUrbanEconomics,1993):humancapitalexternalitieswithincitiesacrossworkers.AcemogluandAngrist(NBERMacroeconomicsAnnual,2002),Moretti(JournalofEconometrics,2004):humancapitalexternalitieswithinstatesacrossworkers.5etc.Thelanguageofnetwo
8、rksusefulforrepresentingandthinkingabouttheseissues.DaronAcemoglu(MIT)NetworksJuly22,2014.4/49GamesoverNetworksandPeerE ectsNetworksandExternalitiesNetworkRepresentationConsiderthefollowingreduced-formmodelin
