counteracting free riding in peer-to-peer networks

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1、Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.comComputerNetworks52(2008)675–694www.elsevier.com/locate/comnetqCounteractingfreeridinginPeer-to-PeernetworksMuratKarakaya*,IbrahimKo_¨rpeog˘lu,O¨zgu¨rUlusoyDepartmentofComputerEngineering,BilkentUniversity,06800Ankara,Turkey

2、Received11January2007;receivedinrevisedform10October2007;accepted4November2007Availableonline17November2007ResponsibleEditor:Y.C.HuAbstractTheexistenceofahighdegreeoffreeridingisaseriousthreattoPeer-to-Peer(P2P)networks.Inthispaper,weproposeadistributedframewor

3、ktoreducetheadverseeffectsoffreeridingonP2Pnetworks.Oursolutionprimarilyfocusesonlocatingfreeridersandtakingactionsagainstthem.Weproposeaframeworkinwhicheachpeermonitorsitsneighbors,decidesiftheyarefreeriders,andtakesappropriateactions.Unlikeotherproposalsagains

4、tfreeriding,ourframeworkdoesnotrequireanypermanentidentificationofpeersorsecurityinfrastructuresformaintainingaglobalreputationsys-tem.OursimulationresultsshowthattheframeworkcanreducetheeffectsoffreeridingandcanthereforeincreasetheperformanceofaP2Pnetwork.Ó2007E

5、lsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Freeriding;Peer-to-Peernetworks;Gnutella;Distributedcomputing;Performanceevaluation1.IntroductionnearlyallP2Pfilesharingsystemsfilesarestoredatpeers,searchedthroughtheP2Pnetworkmecha-ThePeer-to-Peer(P2P)computingparadigmhasni

6、sms,andexchangeddirectlybetweenpeersusingattractedasignificantamountofinterestbecausetheunderlyingnetworkinfrastructureanditsproto-ofitscapacityforresourcesharingandcontentdis-cols.Intheidealcase,afilethatisdownloadedbyatribution.Althoughtherearedifferentarchitect

7、uralpeerisautomaticallyopenedforsharingwithotherdesignsandapplicationsforP2Pcomputing,filepeers.However,peersmaybereluctanttoshareasharingisthemostcommonlyusedapplication;indownloadedfiletosavetheirownresources.There-fore,theprimarypropertyofP2Psystems,theimpli-c

8、itorexplicitfunctionalcooperationandresourceqcontributionofpeers,mayfailandleadtoasitua-ThisworkispartiallysupportedbyTheScientificandTechnicalResearchCouncilofTurkey(TUBITAK