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1、OnthebrainOnthebrainBYPROFESSORT.H.HUXLEY,F.R.S.1Onthebrain[Thisessayistakenfrom'TheDescentofManandSelectioninrelationtoSex'byCharlesDarwinwhereitappearsattheendofChapterVIIwhichisalsotheendofPartI.Footnotesarenumberedastheyappearin'TheDescentofMan.']Thecontroversyrespectingthenatureandtheextento
2、fthedifferencesinthestructureofthebraininmanandtheapes,whicharosesomefifteenyearsago,hasnotyetcometoanend,thoughthesubjectmatterofthedisputeis,atpresent,totallydifferentfromwhatitwasformerly.Itwasoriginallyassertedandre-asserted,withsingularpertinacity,thatthebrainofalltheapes,eventhehighest,diff
3、ersfromthatofman,intheabsenceofsuchconspicuousstructuresastheposteriorlobesofthecerebralhemispheres,withtheposteriorcornuofthelateralventricleandthehippocampusminor,containedinthoselobes,whicharesoobviousinman.Butthetruththatthethreestructuresinquestionareaswelldevelopedinapes'asinhumanbrains,ore
4、venbetter;andthatitischaracteristicofallthePrimates(ifweexcludetheLemurs)tohavethesepartswelldeveloped,standsatpresentonassecureabasisasanypropositionincomparativeanatomy.Moreover,itisadmittedbyeveryoneofthelongseriesofanatomistswho,oflateyears,havepaidspecialattentiontothearrangementofthecomplic
5、atedsulciandgyriwhichappearuponthesurfaceofthecerebralhemispheresinmanandthehigherapes,thattheyaredisposedaftertheverysamepatterninhim,asinthem.Everyprincipalgyrusandsulcusofachimpanzee'sbrainisclearlyrepresentedinthatofaman,sothattheterminologywhichappliestotheoneanswersfortheother.Onthispointth
6、ereisnodifferenceofopinion.Someyearssince,ProfessorBischoffpublishedamemoir(70.'DieGrosshirn-WindungendesMenschen;''AbhandlungenderK.BayerischenAkademie,'B.x.1868.)onthecerebralconvolutionsofmanandapes;andasthepurposeofmylearnedcolleaguewascertainlynottodiminishthevalueofthedifferencesbetweenapes
7、andmeninthisrespect,Iamgladtomakeacitationfromhim."Thattheapes,andespeciallytheorang,chimpanzeeandgorilla,come2Onthebrainveryclosetomanintheirorganisation,muchnearerthantoanyotheranimal,isawellknownfact,disputedbynobod
