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1、1TheInnovator’sDilemmaWhenNewTechnologiesCauseGreatFirmstoFailCLAYTONM.CHRISTENSENHarvardBusinessSchoolPressBoston,Massachusetts2Copyright©1997bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeAllrightsreservedTheLibraryofCongresshascataloguedthehardcovereditionofthistit
2、leasfollows:Christensen,ClaytonM.Theinnovator’sdilemma:whennewtechnologiescausegreatfirmstofail/ClaytonM.Christensen.p.cm.—(Themanagementofinnovationandchangeseries)Includesindex.ISBN0-87584-585-1(alk.paper)1.Creativeabilityinbusiness.2.Industrialmanagement.3.C
3、ustomerservices.4.Successinbusiness.I.Title.II.Series.HD53.C491997658—DC2096-10894CIPISBN0-87584-585-1(MicrosoftReaderedition)3ContentsInGratitudeIntroductionPARTONE:WHYGREATCOMPANIESCANFAIL1HowCanGreatFirmsFail?InsightsfromtheHardDiskDriveIndustry2ValueNetwork
4、sandtheImpetustoInnovate3DisruptiveTechnologicalChangeintheMechanicalExcavatorIndustry4WhatGoesUp,Can’tGoDownPARTTWO:MANAGINGDISRUPTIVETECHNOLOGICALCHANGE5GiveResponsibilityforDisruptiveTechnologiestoOrganizationsWhoseCustomersNeedThem6MatchtheSizeoftheOrganiza
5、tiontotheSizeoftheMarket7DiscoveringNewandEmergingMarkets8HowtoAppraiseYourOrganization’sCapabilitiesandDisabilities9PerformanceProvided,MarketDemand,andtheProductLifeCycle10ManagingDisruptiveTechnologicalChange:ACaseStudy11TheDilemmasofInnovation:ASummaryTheIn
6、novator’sDilemmaBookGroupGuideAbouttheAuthor4InGratitudeAlthoughthisbooklistsonlyoneauthor,inrealitytheideasitmoldstogetherwerecontributedandrefinedbymanyextraordinarilyinsightfulandselflesscolleagues.TheworkbeganwhenProfessorsKimClark,JosephBower,JayLight,andJ
7、ohnMcArthurtooktheriskofadmittingandfinancingamiddle-agedman'swayintoandthroughtheHarvardBusinessSchool'sdoctoralprogramin1989.Inadditiontothesementors,ProfessorsRichardRosenbloom,HowardStevenson,DorothyLeonard,RichardWalton,BobHayes,SteveWheelwright,andKentBow
8、enhelpedthroughoutmydoctoralresearchtokeepmythinkingsharpandmystandardsforevidencehigh,andtoembedwhatIwaslearningwithinthestreamsofstrongscholarshipthathadprecededwhatIwasat