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1、Stocker,Michael,GuttagProfessorofEthicsandPoliticalPhilosophy,SyracuseUniversity,NewYork;ReaderinPhilosophy,LaTrobeUniversity,MelbournePluralandConflictingValuesPrintISBN0198240554,1992SummaryTableofContents Introduction1PARTI: CONFLICT1. DirtyHandsandOrdinaryLife92. MoralI
2、mmorality373. DirtyHandsandConflictsofValuesandofDesiresinAristotle'sEthics514. MoralConflicts:WhatTheyAreandWhatTheyShow85PARTII: PLURALITYANDJUDGEMENT5. Courage,theDoctrineoftheMean,andthePossibilityofEvaluativeandEmotionalCoherence1296. PluralityandChoice165PARTIII: PLURA
3、LITYANDCONFLICT7. Akrasia:TheUnityoftheGood,Commensurability,andComparability2118. Monism,Pluralism,andConflict241PARTIV: MAXIMIZATION9. Maximization:SomeConceptualProblems28110. Maximization:SomeEvaluativeProblems310 Bibliography343 Indexes351endp.ixIntroduction showchapter
4、abstractandkeywords hidechapterabstractandkeywordsMichaelStockerNeitherpluralvaluesnorconflictingvaluescanbeunderstoodwithoutunderstandingtheother.Andtounderstandethics,wemustunderstandboth.Theyraiseobviousandpressingproblemsinsocialandpoliticaltheory.Theyalsoraiseimportantp
5、roblemswithinonepersonoroneethicaltheory—thelocusofthiswork.Notsurprisingly,then,theyhavereceivedaconsiderableamountofattentionrecently—anamountofattentiontheyfullydeserve.So,Iwelcomethefactthattheyarenowbeingstudied.ButIdonotwelcomemanyofthethingsclaimedofthem.Herearethreer
6、epresentativeassertionsmadeaboutthemrecently:Pluralityandconflictdependonandshowafragmentationofvalueandthedisparatetraditionsthathelpmakeupourevaluativeworldandsensibility.Achoicebetweenpluralvaluesinvolvesaconflictofvalues.Conflictrequiresplurality.Sometimesconcludedfromth
7、osethreeandsometimesofferedontheirown,wefindthesefourotherrecentandrepresentativeclaims:Pluralvaluesareincommensurableandthusincomparable.Thereisnorationalwaytocompareandchoosebetweenpluralvalues,northereforetoresolveconflicts.Pluralityandconflictprecludesoundjudgementanddec
8、ision,allowingonlyvacillationandindecision,orsimplyplumpingforoneoptionoran
