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1、TheDevelopmentofGesturalCommunicationinNon-HumanGreatApesInauguraldissertationzurErlangungdesakademischenGradesDoktorinderPhilosophie(Dr.phil.)amFachbereichErziehungswissenschaftundPsychologiederFreienUniversitätBerlinvorgelegtvonDiplom-BiologinSchneider,ChristelBerlin,2012Ers

2、tgutachterin:Prof.Dr.KatjaLiebal,FreieUniversitätBerlin,DeutschlandZweitgutachter:Prof.Dr.JanA.R.A.M.vanHooff,UniversityofUtrecht,TheNetherlandsTagderDisputation:9.November2011TABLEOFCONTENTS1.GENERALINTRODUCTION.................................................................

3、................11.1.Settingthescene....................................................................................................11.1.1.Gesturaldevelopmentinpreverbalhumanchildren.......................................21.1.2.Gesturesandtheevolutionofcommunication.......

4、........................................41.2.Taxonomy,habitatandsocialstructureofnon-humangreatapes........................61.3.Gesturinginnon-humangreatapes.......................................................................91.4.Focusandaims................................

5、....................................................................112.THEONSETANDEARLYUSEOFGESTURALCOMMUNICATION........132.1.Introduction.........................................................................................................132.2.Methods...................

6、............................................................................................152.2.1.Subjects.........................................................................................................152.2.2.Observationalprocedure..................................

7、.............................................162.2.3.Operationaldefinitionsandcodingprocedure..............................................182.2.4.Interobserverreliabilityandanalysis............................................................212.3.Results......................

8、.............................................................