资源描述：
《perspective taking - northwestern university换位思考-西北大学》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、DouglasMedinandMeganBangNorthwesternUniversityTERCPerspectiveTaking,DiversityandPartnershipsWhatwouldthefieldofpsychologylooklikeifitsbeginningshadbeeninChina?Psychologymaybetheleastinternationalofallthesocialsciencesanditcertainlyismoreparochialthananyofthenaturalsci
2、ences.Therefore,thereisplentyofreasontothinkthatadifferentpointoforiginwouldhaveledtoadifferentcurrentstateoftheart.Onceonestartsalongthislineofthought,itiseasytogeneratevariations.Towhatextentdoourcurrentunderstandingsofourfielddependonthegender,ethnicity,SES,politic
3、alleaningsandculturalidentificationofthescientistswhoareconductingpsychologicalresearch?Forexample,whatifthefieldofpsychologyhadbeenconsideredasthesoledomainofwomen?Wouldourtheoriesandempiricalgeneralizationslookmuchdifferent?Thereisreasontothinkthattheywould(seeEagly
4、,2005,foranexamplefromresearchonleadership).Orsupposethatthefieldofpsychologywasnotdominatedbyliberalsbutratherreflectedabroadpoliticalspectrum.Inthiscase,chancesarewewouldhaveabroaderviewofmoralconcepts,onethatwouldgeneralizemorereadilytoothercultures(Shwederetal,199
5、7;Haidt,2008).Envisioningthevariouswaysthefieldmighthaveevolvedundervariousformsofrestrictionsissobering,becauseitunderlinestheproblemsofinsightslostbyvirtueofalackofdiversity.Socialscientistshaveevenconstructedproofsthatdiversitytrumpsabilityinproblem-solving(Page,20
6、04).Notethatthecostsoflimitedperspectivesnotonlyfallonthefieldofpsychologyperse,butalsomaybedevastatingforthepopulationsaffectedbytheresearch(e.g.immigrants,women,peopleofcolor,etc),especiallywhenbiasedassessmentsholdtheauthorityofscience.Forpresentpurposeswewillfocus
7、onculturalresearchandtheissuesassociatedwiththeobservationthatitstillispredominatelyconductedfromanAmericanperspective.Therearetwokindsofproblemswiththisasymmetry.Oneconcernsthecognitiveconsequencesofwhatcanbecalled,psychologicaldistance.Psychologicaldistancereferstoh
8、owsubjectively(psychologically)closeorremotefromaneventapersonisacrossarangeofmeasuresofdistance,includingtime,space,andpers
