atomic theory - john bowne high school：原子理论-约翰邦恩高中

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1、AtomicTheorypage3AtomicTheoryEXAM#1(a)Writethegroundstateelectronconfigurationforthearsenicatom.(b)GiveonesetoffourquantumnumbersforeachoftheoutermostelectronsinasingleArsenicatomwhenitisinitsgroundstate.(c)Isanarsenicatominthegroundstateparamagneticordiamagn

2、etic?Explainbriefly.(d)Howistheelectronconfigurationofthearsenicatominthegroundstateconsistentwiththeexistenceofthefollowingknowncompounds:Na3As,AsCl3,andAsF5.EXAM#2Discusssomedifferencesinphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofmetalsandnonmetals.Whatpropertiesofthee

3、lectronicconfigurationsofatomsdistinguishnonmetalsfrommetals?Onthebasisofthischaracteristic,whyaretheremanymoremetalsthannonmetals.EXAM#3Usethedetailsofmodernatomictheorytoexplaineachexperimentalobservations.(a)Withinafamilylikethealkalimetals,theionicradiusi

4、ncreasesastheatomicnumberincreases.(b)Theatomicradiusofthechlorineatomissmallerthantheradiusofthechlorideion,Cl-.(Radii:Clatom=0.99Å;Cl-ion=1.81Å)(c)Thefirstionizationenergyofaluminumislowerthanthatofmagnesium.(Firstionizationenergies:12Mg=7.6ev;13Al=6.0ev)(d

5、)Formagnesium,thedifferencebetweenthesecondandthirdionizationenergiesismuchlargerthanthedifferencebetweenthefirstandsecondionizationenergies.(IonizationenergiesforMg:1st=7.6ev;2nd=14ev;3rd=80ev)AtomicTheorypage3EXAM#4Thediagramaboveshowsthe1stionizationenergi

6、esfortheelementsfromLitoNe.Brieflyexplaineachofthefollowingintermsofatomicstructure.(a)Thereisageneralincreaseinthe1stionizationenergyfromLitoNe.(b)The1stionizationenergyofBislowerthanBe.(c)The1stionizationenergyofOislowerthanN.(d)Predicthowthe1stionizationen

7、ergyofNawouldcomparetoLiandofNe.Explain.EXAM#5Accountforeachofthefollowingintermsofatomicstructure,includingthenumber,properties,andarrangementsofsubatomicparticles.(a)The2ndionizationenergyofsodiumisaboutthreetimesgreaterthanthe2ndionizationenergyofmagnesium

8、.(b)ThedifferencebetweentheatomicradiiofNaandKislargecomparedtothedifferencebetweentheatomicradiiofRbandCs.(c)Asampleofnickelchlorideisattractedintoamagneticfield,butasampleofsolidzincchl