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ID:33189158
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页数:8页
时间:2019-02-21
《a simulation of the process of evolution模拟进化的过程》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、ASimulationoftheProcessofEvolutionModifiedfromBiologyLabsOn-Line(Pearson)BiologyLabsOn-line“EvolutionLab”isasimulationwhichallowsyoutostudytheprinciplesandprocessesbehindtheconceptofevolutionbynaturalselection.Itemploystwohypotheticalislands,whichharborpopulationsoffinch
2、es.Here,youwillexaminebiologicalandenvironmentalfactorsthatinfluencethelongtermchangesinthesepopulations.Thepurposeofthisexerciseisto:·Simulatechangesthatinnaturewouldrequireconsiderabletimesothatbasicprinciplescanbeillustrated.·Helpyoudevelopanunderstandingofimportantfa
3、ctorsthataffecttheevolutionofaspecies.·Demonstrateimportantbiologicalandenvironmentalselectionfactorsthatinfluenceevolutionbynaturalselection·Helpyourecognizetherelationshipamongenvironmentalfactors,variationinphenotype,andvariationinindividualfitnessandhowthisaffectsrep
4、roductivesuccess.BackgroundInformationEvolutionisthestudyofhowmodernorganismshavedescendedfromtheearliestlife-forms.Theprocessisdependentupontheselectionofindividualswithinapopulationfromgenerationtogenerationthatdisplaydistinctgenetic,structural,andfunctionalmodificatio
5、ns.Theabilityofapopulationoforganismstorespondtochangeintheirenvironmentandsurviveandreproducebydevelopingthecharacteristicsormodificationsnecessaryforsurvivalisknownasadaptation.Understandinghowlifeevolvesandtheincrediblediversityororganismsthatnowexistisacentralconcern
6、inbiology.TheEnglishnaturalistCharlesDarwinisgenerallyrecognizedasthefatherofevolution.ManyofDarwin'snow-famoushypothesesweredevelopedasaresultofhis1831voyageonHMSBeagle,ashipcommissionedbytheBritishgovernment.Inthishistoricvoyage,theBeagletraveledtomanycoastalareasofSou
7、thAmerica.ThelocationthatresultedinDarwin'smostimportantobservationswastheGalapagosIslandsintheSouthPacificOcean,offthenorthwesterncoastofSouthAmerica.DarwinstudiedpopulationsofGalapagostortoisesandobservedtheirfeedinghabitsregardingthefruitofpricklypearcactuses.Healsoob
8、servedthatmanyofthedifferentislandsoftheGalapagoscontaineddistinctlydifferentvarietiesoffinches.Thefinc
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