special relativity - rtftechnologies：特殊相对论rtftechnologies

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1、SpecialRelativitySpring2006FoundationsofRelativityThefirstintroductionofaspecialrelativityconceptoccursinMaxwell’sequationsfortherelationbetweenEandBinavacuum.Thisequationgaveinsighttoarelationbetweenelectricfields,magneticfields,andthespeedoflight.VoigtfirstintroducedtheconceptofEMwaves

2、beingobservedinamovingframeofreferencein1887withhis“Elastic-SolidTheory”oflightandintroducedsomeimportantmathematicalideas.ConsiderthecoordinatesystemandthewaveequationVoigtintroducedamovingsetofcoordinatesor“referenceframe”=>ObserverframemovingatVintheXdirectionandanewtimecoordinatewher

3、etisunitywithnoscalingoftimeandXisalinearfunctionofspace.VoigtdemandedthatthewaveequationpreserveitsforminthenewcoordinateframesuchthatThereforesoclearlyweneedthenTransversecoordinatesscaleinVoigtscalculation,howevertheydonotintheLorenztransformationwhichwillbeusedforspecialrelativity.Th

4、isisthemaindiscrepancybetweenVoigtsandLorenz’scalculations.ClassicalreferenceframesisobeyedbyafreeparticleConsidertwoframesSandS’S’moveswithvelocityVwithrespecttoframeS,thereforetherelationofxbetweenthetwoframesis,howeverintheclassicalexplanation,timeisabsolutebetweenthetwoframesTheveloc

5、itytransformationbetweenthetwoclassicalframesisgivenbyAndbothframesareinertialframesInmechanicsaninertialframeisonewhereNewton’sfirstlawholds.Thatisa“freefallframe”inwhichaparticleinthatobserverframewillcontinueinastraightlinewithoutacceleratingunlessanexternalforceisappliedtoit.Mechanic

6、alWavesMechanicalwavemotion(egsoundwaves)resultsfromtheNewtonianinertiaamongthemediumwhichcarriesthewave.thespeedofawavemeasuredinS’isthespeedofthewavemeasuredinSminusthevelocitydifferencebetweenframes.Bymeasuringchangesinthespeedofthemechanicalwavewecandetectmotionofthehostfluidwithresp

7、ecttoourinertialreferenceframeinwhichthewaveistraveling.Michelson-MorleyexperimentAttemptedtodeterminevelocitywithrespecttotheeitherusinganopticalinterferometer.Intheearly19thcenturymechanicalwaveswerewellknown,howeverelectromagneticwaverwerenew.Physicistsattemptedtouseac