download - dr paul j mcelligott：-保罗博士j麦克艾力哥特

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1、PROPERTIESOFHYDROCARBONSTHEORYHydrocarbonsareorganiccompoundsthatcontainonlycarbonandhydrogen.Therearefourtypesofhydrocarbons.Theyarealkanes,alkenes,alkynesandaromaticcompounds.Thecompoundsthatwillbeusedintoday’slabarecyclohexane(alkane),cyclohexene(alkene)andtoluene(aromaticcom

2、pound).Somehydrocarbonsaresaturated(containonlysinglebonds)whileothersareunsaturated(containdoubleandtriplebonds).Forexample,alkanesaresaturatedhydrocarbonsandalkynesareexamplesofunsaturatedhydrocarbons.Thereactivityofthehydrocarbondependsonthetypeofhydrocarbon.Threechemicaltest

3、sareusedtodistinguishthehydrocarbons.Theyarereactionwithbromine,reactionwithpotassiumpermanganateandreactionwithoxygen(alsoknownascombustion).Thedifferencesinreactivityissummarizedinthefollowingtable.REACTIONOFHYDROCARBONSWITHBr2HydrocarbonReactionDescriptionObservationsAlkaneRe

4、actionwithBr2;directsunlightisrequiredReddishbrowncolordisappearsslowly;bluelitmusturnsred–thisprovesthatHBrisproducedAlkeneReactionoccursinthepresenceorabsenceofsunlightReddishbrowncolordisappearsquickly;noHBrisformed(bluelitmusdoesnotturnred)AromaticcompoundNoreactiontakesplac

5、eintheabsenceofironcatalyst*Reddishbrowncolordoesnotdisappear*Catalystwillnotbeusedintoday’sexperiment65REACTIONOFHYDROCARBONSWITHKMnO4HydrocarbonReactionDescriptionObservationsAlkaneNoreactionwithKMnO4PurplecolordoesnotdisappearAlkeneReactiontakesplacePurplecolordisappearsquick

6、ly;formationofbrownprecipitate,MnO2AromaticcompoundNoreactiontakesplacePurplecolorstaysREACTIONWITHO2(COMBUSTION)HydrocarbonReactionDescriptionObservationsAlkaneReactswithO2BurnswithnosootformationAlkeneReactswithO2BurnswithasootyflameAromaticcompoundReactswithO2Burnswithasootyf

7、lameOBJECTIVES1.Examinethephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofhydrocarbons.2.Identifythetypeofhydrocarbonincommoneverydaychemicals.PROCEDUREA.SOLUBILITYTESTS1.Place10dropsofcyclohexene,cyclohexaneandtolueneinthreeseparate,clean,drytesttubes.Add10dropsofwatertoeachtesttube.Notewhether

8、thehydrocarbonsdissolve.2.Repeatthetestinmethyl