毕业论文外文翻译-环境变化影响下的建筑学

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1、ArchitectureinaClimateofChangePage52-Page62LowenergytechniquesforhousingItwouldappearthat,fortheindustrialisedcountries.thebestchanceofrescuelieswiththebuiltenvironmentbecausebuildingsinuseorinthecourseoferectionarethebiggestsingleindirectsourceofcarbonemiss

2、ionsgeneratedbyburningfossilfuels,accountingforover50percentoftotalemissions.IfyouaddthetransportcostsgeneratedbybuildingstheUKgovernmentestimateis75percent.ltisthebuiltenvironmentwhichisthesectorthatcanmosteasilyaccommodatefairlyrapidchangewithoutpain.Infac

3、t,upgradingbuildings,especiallythelowerendofthehousingstock,createsaclusterofinterlockingvirtuouscircles.ConstructionsystemsHavingconsideredthechallengepresentedbyglobalwarmingandtheopportunitiestogeneratefossil-freeenergyjtisnowtimetoconsiderhowthedemandsid

4、eoftheenergyequationcanrespondtothatchallenge.Thebuiltenvironmentisthegreatestsectoralconsumerofenergyand,withinthatsector,housingisinpolepositionaccountingfor28percentofallUKcarbondioxide(CO2)emissions.IntheUKhousinghastraditionallybeenofmasonryandsincethee

5、arly1920sthishaslargelybeenofcavityconstmction.Thepurposewastoensurethatasaturatedexternalleafwouldhavenophysicalcontactwiththeinnerleafapartfromwalltiesandthatwaterwouldbedischargedthroughweepholesatthedamp-proofcourselevel.Sincetheintroductionofthermalregu

6、lations,initiallydeemednecessarytoconserveenergyratherthantheplanet,ithasbeencommonpracticetointroduceinsulationintothecavity.Foralongtimeitwasmandatorytopreserveaspacewithinthecavityandalongrearguardbattlewasfoughtbythetraditionaliststopreservethis'sacredsp

7、aceDefeatwasfinallyconcededwhensomeextensiveresearchbytheBuildingResearchEstablishmentfoundthattherewasnogreaterriskofdamppenetrationwithfilledcavitiesandinfactdampthroughcondensationwasreduced・Solidmasonrywallswithexternalinsulationarecommonpracticeinconti

8、nentalEuropeandarebeginningtomakeanappearanceintheUK.InCornwallthePenwithHousingAssociationhasbuiltapartmentsofthisconstmctionontheseafront,perhapsthemostchallengingofsituations.Theadvantagesofm