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1、Newword:Sincetheindustrialrevolution,U.Sindustryhasbeenundergoingaprocessofcontinuousdevelopment.Duringthenineteenthcentury,newmachinesexpandedtheproductivityofworkers;andwiththebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,newautomationtechnologyofmassproductionthroughtransferandassemblylinesem
2、erged.Nextfactorymanufacturinggrewtoincludemoreandmorenewsectorsofworkandfinallybecameacomplexofseparateddepartments,eachdedicatedtoacertaintask.Althoughautomationandcomputerizationofthoseisolatedislandshavebeenincreasingsteadilysincetheearly1950s,untilnow,barriersofunderstandinga
3、ndworkingmethodshavealsobeengrowing.Althoughthenumberoftheblue-collarworkersontheshopfloorcontinuallydecreased,alargenumberofwhite-collarpersonnel,rangingfrommanagerstoclerks,wereneededtodoreamsofpaperworkandtotransferinformationamongthedifferentdepartmentsinordertotiethemtogether
4、.Itis,therefore,obviousthatautomatingisolatedtasksintheprocessofproductdevelopment,whilerelativelycost-effective,cannotaloneachieveeithersignificantsavingsinleadtimeorgainsinproductivity.Itisalsoclearthatthoserequiredgoalscanbeaccomplishedonlybyautomatingtheflowofinformationintheb
5、usinessorganizationandbyoptimizingtheprocessofproductdevelopmentasawholethroughadoptingthesystemsapproach.Infact,thislattersolutioninvolvescompleteimplementationofcomputerintegratedmanufacturing(CIM).Itindicates,ontheonehand,thatthedifferentdepartmentsinacorporationcanbeelectronic
6、allychanneledsothatmassproduction:大规模生产transfer:转移,生产流水线assemblylinen.(工厂产品的)装配线manufacturing:制造,制造业的shopfloorn.车间；工场costeffectiven.成本效果合算leadtime:加工准备时间,超前时期订货至交货的时间,研制周期automatev.tr.Toconverttoautomaticoperation:automateafactory.Tocontroloroperatebyautomation.eachdepartmentwould
7、haveanimmediateaccesstoallotherdepartmentsaswellastothemainframedatastore.Thisenablesefficientcontrolofthelargecorporationand,consequently,optimizationofthewholesystem.Ontheotherhand,CIMreferstothesituationwheremanycompaniesare,today,withisolatedautomatedislandsandwhite-collarwork
8、ersdoingpaperworktopassinformatio
