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1、摘要王世贞在文坛活动的时间长达四十余年,加上博学多才,用力甚勤,积累了丰富的文学经验。在长期的文学实践中,不仅创作了为数众多的作品,还建构了较为完善的文学理论体系。这使他在“七子”派文学复古运动中成为具有代表性的人物,并对当时及后世文坛产生了重要的影响。明代前中期,社会领域和文化领域皆提倡复古。特别是在诗文领域,“抑宋尊唐”成为时代风尚。这样的时代氛围和诗学风气也直接导致了王世贞文论复古宗唐倾向的形成。和“七子派”其他成员一样,王世贞也讲复古、学古,力主师法盛唐的高格逸调。他一方面把体制、声调等诗歌的外在形式看成是唐诗的基本要质;另一方面又认为,通过体制、声调
2、可以寻求唐诗兴象风神和诗人的性情,从而领会唐诗的内在神情,并以此作为品评唐诗的依据。王世贞广泛地论述了唐诗体制、声律、师法、句法、诗人诗风、发展流变、审美特征等许多重要问题,树立了以唐诗为典范的诗歌正体观。在唐诗批评的基础上建构了他复古而求变的格调论诗学。他的诗论以格调论为根本,但又独出机杼,试图平衡格调与性情之间的矛盾。他立足于格调,又不拘于格调。追求诗歌正体,强调法度,又能尚新求变,试图为走向困境的格调论诗学寻找新的出路,预示着传统格调论诗学的蜕变。关键词:王世贞;明代文坛;复古思潮;格调论;唐诗学AbstractWangShi-zhen'slifeeven
3、tsinliterarycirclesareupto40years.Withthequalityofknowledgableanddiligent,heaccumulatedabundantliteraryexperience.Inthelong–timeliterarypractice,henotonlycreatedalargenumberofworks,butalsoconstructedamorecompletetheoreticalsystem.Allhiscontributiontoliteraturemakeshimarepresentativef
4、igurein"Sevenmasters"literarymovementforrestoringancientways,andalsomakeshimhaveaprofoundimpactonthetemperalandsubsequentliteraryworld.IntheearlymidleperiodofMingDynasty,bothsocialfieldsandculturalfieldspromoterestoringancientways.Especiallyinthefieldofpoetry,"curbingSongbutrespectin
5、gTang"becamequitepopularinthatera.SuchpoeticatmosphereinthateradirectlyformedWangShi-zhen’sliterarytheorieswiththetendencyofrestoringancientwaysofTangDynasty.Likeothermembersof“SevenMasters”,WangShi-zhenpromotedrestoringandlearningancientways,andadvocatedmodelingtheirbehavioronthelit
6、eraryprinciplesofprosperousTangDynasty.Ononehand,heregardedtheexternalformsofpoetry,suchasstructure,toneandetc.,asthefundamentalqualityofTangpoetry;ontheotherhand,inhisopinion,throughthesystemandtone,wecanunderstandalltheformsofTangpoetyandthecharacteristicsofthepoetswhichcanhelpusto
7、catchtheinnerspiritsandmakethemasthebasisfortastingTang.WangShi-zhenTangdiscussedextensivelyinmanyimportantissues,suchasstructure,soundlaws,modelingbehaviors,syntax,thepoeticstyleofpoets,thedevelopmentofrheologicalandaestheticcharacteristicsandetc..Healsoformedthebodyconceptofpoetrys
8、ettingTangpo