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1、THERELIGIONOFBABYLONIAANDASSYRIATHERELIGIONOFBABYLONIAANDASSYRIATheophilusG.Pinches,LL.D.1THERELIGIONOFBABYLONIAANDASSYRIACHAPTERIFOREWORDPosition,andPeriod.ThereligionoftheBabyloniansandAssyrianswasthepolytheisticfaithprofessedbythepeoplesinhabitingtheTigrisandEuphratesvalleysfromwhatmayberega
2、rdedasthedawnofhistoryuntiltheChristianerabegan,or,atleast,untiltheinhabitantswerebroughtundertheinfluenceofChristianity.Thechronologicalperiodcoveredmayberoughlyestimatedatabout5000years.Thebeliefofthepeople,attheendofthattime,beingBabylonianheathenismleavenedwithJudaism,thecountrywasprobablyr
3、ipeforthereceptionofthenewfaith.Christianity,however,bynomeansreplacedtheearlierpolytheism,asisevidencedbythefact,thattheworshipofNeboandthegodsassociatedwithhimcontinueduntilthefourthcenturyoftheChristianera.Bywhomfollowed.Itwasthefaithoftwodistinctpeoples--theSumero-Akkadians,andtheAssyro-Bab
4、ylonians.Inwhatcountryithaditsbeginningsisunknown--itcomesbeforeus,evenattheearliestperiod,asafaithalreadywell-developed,andfromthatfact,aswellasfromthenamesofthenumerousdeities,itisclearthatitbeganwiththeformerrace--theSumero-Akkadians--whospokeanon-Semiticlanguagelargelyaffectedbyphoneticdeca
5、y,andinwhichthegrammaticalformshadincertaincasesbecomeconfusedtosuchanextentthatthosewhostudyitaskthemselveswhetherthepeoplewhospokeitwereabletounderstandeachotherwithoutrecoursetodevicessuchasthe"tones"towhichtheChineseresort.Withfewexceptions,thenamesofthegodswhichtheinscriptionsrevealtousare
6、allderivedfromthisnon-Semiticlanguage,whichfurnishesuswithsatisfactoryetymologiesforsuchnamesasMerodach,Nergal,Sin,andthedivinitiesmentionedinBerosusandDamascius,aswellasthoseofhundredsofdeitiesrevealedtousbythetabletsandslabsofBabyloniaandAssyria.Thedocuments.2THERELIGIONOFBABYLONIAANDASSYRIAO
7、utsidetheinscriptionsofBabyloniaandAssyria,thereisbutlittlebearinguponthereligionofthosecountries,themostimportantfragmentbeingtheextractsfromBerosusandDamasciusreferredtoabove.AmongtheBabylonianandAssyrianremains,however,wehavean
