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1、TheArgonauticaTheArgonauticaApolloniusRhodius(fl.3rdCenturyB.C.)1TheArgonauticaINTRODUCTIONMuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthechronologyofAlexandrianliteratureandthefamousLibrary,foundedbyPtolemySoter,butthedatesofthechiefwritersarestillmattersofconjecture.ThebirthofApolloniusRhodiusisplacedbyscholarsatvario
2、ustimesbetween296and260B.C.,whiletheyearofhisdeathisequallyuncertain.Infact,wehaveverylittleinformationonthesubject.Therearetwo"lives"ofApolloniusintheScholia,bothderivedfromanearlieronewhichislost.FromthesewelearnthathewasofAlexandriabybirth,(1)thathelivedinthetimeofthePtolemies,andwasapupilofCalli
3、machus;thatwhilestillayouthhecomposedandrecitedinpublichis"Argonautica",andthatthepoemwascondemned,inconsequenceofwhichheretiredtoRhodes;thatthereherevisedhispoem,reciteditwithgreatapplause,andhencecalledhimselfaRhodian.Thesecond"life"adds:"SomesaythathereturnedtoAlexandriaandagainrecitedhispoemwith
4、theutmostsuccess,sothathewashonouredwiththelibrariesoftheMuseumandwasburiedwithCallimachus."ThelastsentencemaybeinterpretedbythenoticeofSuidas,whoinformsusthatApolloniuswasacontemporaryofEratosthenes,EuphorionandTimarchus,inthetimeofPtolemyEuergetes,andthathesucceededEratosthenesintheheadshipoftheAl
5、exandrianLibrary.SuidasalsoinformsuselsewherethatAristophanesattheageofsixty-twosucceededApolloniusinthisoffice.Manymodernscholarsdenythe"bibliothecariate"ofApolloniusforchronologicalreasons,andthereisconsiderabledifficultyaboutit.ThedateofCallimachus'"HymntoApollo",whichcloseswithsomelines(105-113)
6、thatareadmittedlyanallusiontoApollonius,maybeputwithmuchprobabilityat248or247B.C.Apolloniusmustatthatdatehavebeenatleasttwentyyearsold.Eratosthenesdied196-193B.C.ThiswouldmakeApolloniusseventy-twotoseventy-fivewhenhesucceededEratosthenes.Thisisnotimpossible,itistrue,butitisdifficult.Butthedifficulty
7、istakenawayifweassumewithRitschlthatEratosthenesresignedhisofficesomeyearsbeforehisdeath,whichallowsustoputthebirthofApolloniusatabout280,andwouldsolveotherdifficulties.Forinstance,iftheLibrarians2The
