智能砂轮半自动平衡装置软硬件开发

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1、摘要在磨削加工中，砂轮不平衡量引起的振动对磨削过程有很大的影响，严重制约了磨削表面质量和精度的提高。因此，在磨削加工中，保持砂轮平衡是提高和保证磨削质量的重要举措．本课题来源于山东省基金资助项目，为解决磨削加工过程中磨床砂轮的平衡精度问题，开发出一套基于单片机技术的成本低廉、操作简单的智能半自动砂轮平衡装置。本文主要就砂轮平衡技术及其不平衡量识别理论和智能砂轮平衡系统的软硬件设计方面展开了系统研究。首先对砂轮不平衡量引起的振动进行了理论分析，建立了砂轮不平衡量与前支撑振动量之间的关系的数学模型。建立基于最小二乘技术的不

2、平衡量识另q模型，并且导出了典型识别公式，平衡试验表明，最小二乘方法能有效地抑制测量误差的影响，大大提高了识别与平衡精度。开发研制不平衡量现场识别测试及控制系统，该系统以单片机为核心，通过检测砂轮旋转时的不平衡量引起的振动信号，并按照设定算法对其进行数据处理，得出砂轮不平衡量的振动幅值和相位，然后停机人工拨动砂轮自身携带平衡块进行平衡校正，系统操作简单方便并且价格低廉。试验验证，此系统可以显著降低由砂轮不平衡引起的振动，效果良好．关键字：砂轮动平衡滤波控制系统lIj东大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACTInthe黟蛐pro

3、cess，thevibrationcausedbytheunbalanceofthegrindingwheel,whichhasanimportantinfluence，seriouslyrestrictstheb-'Ul点aCequalitymadtheprecision'senha丑cement．Therefore,mainta／ningthegrindingwhealbalanceis越importantmeasRreinguaranteeingandenhancingthegrindingquality．The

4、projectisoriginatedfromtheShanDongProvinceFundsItem．Tosolvethebalanceprecisionofthegrindwhealinthegrindingp∞c髑s，8cheapandsimpleinteIligentized蚓mi-automatieabrasivewheelbalancesystemisdeveloped,whichisbasedonthesingle-chipteelmology．Systematicsmdiesal-ocarriedont

5、hefollowingaspects：thebalancetechnologyofgrindingwheels,theunbalancevalueidentificationtheoryandthebalancesystemdesigningincludingthesoftwareandthehardwaredesigning：Thetheoreticanalysisismade％thevibrationcausedbytheunbalanceofthegrindingwheelMathematicmodeli8est

6、ablishedwhichrelatesthefirst舭rppOl"tsandtheunbalancevalueofthegrindingwheel．Aleastsquaremodeltoidentificationunbalancevalueof8findingwheelsisestablished．TypicalformulasalfOinducedforcalculatingunbalancevalueandphase．Theexperimentalresultsshowthatthen鲥methodi”opo

7、sedcaneffectivelyrestraintheeffectofmeas砸ementerrorandgreatlyincreasetheprecision．Ameasm'ementandcontrolsystemisdevelopedforidentificationandbalancecalculation．Thesystemisbasedonthesingle．hiptechnology．First,itteststhe、，ibmfiensisalduringtherotationofthegrinding

8、wheel．Second,theCPUprocessesthesignaldataaccordingtothescheduledarithmeticandcalculatestheresults．Last,stopthegrinderandcarrythebalanceblockwithinthegrinderthroughthe