Chapter 38 – Thyroid

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1、CHAPTER38THYROIDPhilipW.Smith,LeslieJ.Salomone,andJohnB.Hanksconsistsofcellsofendodermalorigin.Themainportionofthishistoricalperspectivecellularstructuredescendsintotheneckanddevelopsintoaanatomybilobedsolidorgan.Theoriginalattachmentinthepharynxisphysiologyofthethyroidglandinthebuccalca

2、vityattheforamencecum.Thisstructuredisordersofthyroidmetabolism—benignthyroidbecomesthethyroglossalduct,whichisusuallyreabsorbedafterdisease6weeksofage.Theverydistalendofthisremnantmaybeworkupanddiagnosisofasolitarythyroidnoduleretainedandmatureasapyramidallobeintheadultthyroid.thyroidma

3、lignanciesMicroscopicthyroidfolliclesfirstappearasthelaterallobessurgicalapproachestothethyroiddevelop.Whentheembryoisabout6cminlength,thesefol-liclesbegintodevelopcolloid.Inthethirdmonth,thefollicularcellsfirstdemonstrateiodinetrappingandthyroidhormonesecretionbegins.Calcitonin-producin

4、gCcellsarisefromtheHISTORICALPERSPECTIVEfourthpharyngealpouchandmigratefromtheneuralcrestintoThenamethyroidisderivedfromtheGreekdescriptionofathelateralaspectsofthethyroidlobes.Thesecellsmigrateintoshield-shapedglandintheanterioraspectoftheneck(thyroides).thelateralandposterioruppertwoth

5、irdsofthethyroidlobesClassicanatomicdescriptionsofthethyroidwereavailableinandaredistributedamongthefollicles.Inadults,theyremainthe16thand17thcenturies,butthefunctionoftheglandwaslimitedtotheupperandmiddleareasofthegland,usuallyinnotwellunderstood.Bythe19thcentury,pathologicenlarge-thep

6、osteriorandmedialaspects.TheseCcellsaretheonlymentofthethyroid,orgoiter,wasdescribed.Iodine-richseaweedcomponentoftheadultglandthatisnotofendodermalorigin.wasusedtotreatthiscondition.DirectsurgicalapproachestoKnowledgeofbasicembryologyisessentialforunderstand-thyroidmasseshadfrighteningl

7、yhighcomplicationandmortal-ingcertainembryologiccongenitalmalformations,includingityrates.thyroglossalductcystsandfistulae,whichresultfromretainedInthelate19thcentury,twosurgeon-physiologistsrevolu-tissuealongthepathofdescentofthethyroid.Alingualthyroidtionizedtheundersta