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1、HowtoMakeSenseoutofScience-DavidH.LevyDevastation by El Nino—a Warning厄尔·尼诺现象将带来毁灭一则警告6: 30 p.m. October 26, 2028: Could This Be theDeadlinefor the Apocalypse?2028年10月26日下午6：30世界末日的最后期限?New Drugs Kill Cancer新药灭癌When theseheadlinesappeared this year, their stories became the subjects o
2、f conversations around the world talks spiced with optimism and confusion. Imagine the hopes raised in the millions battling cancer. Did the news mean these people never had toworry about cancer again?Or that we allhad to worry about a catastrophe from outer space or, moreimmediately,
3、 from El Nino?这些标题于今年见诸报端时，这新闻便成为全世界的话题——既掺有乐观又带来混乱的话题。想象—下这些新闻为成千上万与癌症抗争的人们所带来的希望。这些新闻是否意味着这些人再也不用为癌症担忧呢?还是说我们所有的人都得为来自外层空间的大祸，或者更近一点，为厄尔·尼诺现象造成的灾难而忧心忡忡呢?ButthetruthisUnfortunately, science doesn't work that way. It rarelyarrives at final answers. People battlingcancer orvictimsof El
4、 Nino may find thisfrustrating, but the truth is that Nature does notyieldher secrets easily. Science is donestep by step. First an idea is formed. Then this is tested by an experiment.Theoutcome, one hopes,results inan increase Inknowledge.不幸的是，科学并非这般运作。科学极少提供最终的答案。与癌症搏斗的人们或厄尔.尼诺现象的受
5、害者也许会觉得这太令人沮丧，但事实是，大自然并不轻易袒露其奥秘。科学研究是一步一步进行的，首先要有一个构想，然后用实验检验这个构想，人们希望其结果能成为知识的一种积累。Science is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of under standing the world around us. Its real work is slow.科学并非一组无可置疑的结果，而是认识我们周围世界的一种方法。其实际进程是缓慢的。The scientific method, as many of us learne
6、d in school, is agradual processthat begins with a purpose or a problem or question to be answered.It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally,conclusionsto reach. In medicine, when a new drug isproposedthat might cure or control
7、a disease, it is first tested on a largerandomgroup of people, and their reactions are thencompared withthose of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug isevaluated. All of this takes time—and patience.正如我
8、们很多人在
