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1、分词起形容词和副词的作用,在句中做定语或状语。在概念上考生应清楚: ●现在分词表示主动,表示动作在进行。 ●过去分词表示被动,表示动作结束了的状态或结果。 1.分词做定语,弄清现在分词与过去分词的区别 分词短语做定语相当于省略了的定语从句,考生应掌握: (1)现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动意义。如: It’seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechangestakingplaceinourever-increasingworld.(相当于thechangeswhichtakepla
2、ce...) TherewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthatIreadrecentlygivingwhathethoughtwasareasonforthisAmericancharacteristic.(相当于whichgave...) Howmanyofusattending,say,ameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?(相当于Howmanyofuswhowillattend...) (2)过去分词与被修饰词之间具有被动意义。如: G
3、oodnewswassometimesreleasedprematurely,withtheBritishrecaptureoftheportannouncedhalfadaybeforethedefendersactuallysurrendered. (相当于…recaptureoftheportwhichhadbeenannounced…) Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphoneaddedtothesystem,sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheachpr
4、ogramthatturnsout. (相当于…eachnewphonewhichisaddedto…) Theauthorgaveadetaileddescriptionbasedonhispersonalobservationofnature. (相当于…descriptionwhichwasbasedon…) (3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义: deceased,departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,grown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-travell
5、ed,newlyarrived,recentlycome。如: anescapedprisoner一个逃犯 aretiredworker一位退休工人 afadedcurtain一个褪了色的窗帘 anewlyarrivedstudent一个新来的学生 2.分词做状语,注意区分分词的一般式与完成式 (1)表示时间,多置于句首,注意如果分词表示的动作的时间先于谓语动词,要用完成式。如: Havingcompletedonetask,westartedonanotherone. (complete先于start之前发生) (2)表示原因,置于句首句尾均可,根据情况有时要用完成式,有时
6、用一般式。如: Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,beingconsideredinsufficientlypopularwithallmembers. Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,havingbeendesertedinthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit. (3)表示伴随、方式,置于句尾,用分词的一般式。如: Helenborrowedmydictionarytheotherdaysayingthatshewouldretur
7、nitsoon. Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completelylosttotheoutsideworld. (4)表示结果,置于句尾,用分词的一般式。如: Thecityfounditselfinacrisissituationlastsummerwhentheairconditioningondozensofthenewbusesbroke