行业协会的制度经济学分析

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1、SectionIIntroductionChapter1DefinitionandCharacters1．1DefinitionAlthoughthereexistmanydifferentexpressionsoftradeassociation’sdefinitionformulatedbyforeignscholars，theyaregenerallyidenticalinessence．Forexample，somedefinesitaSallorganizationcomposedof

2、companiestakingpartinthesameorsimilareconomicactivitieswiththeaimtosolvetheircommonoruniversaIproblems(Joseph，F．Bradley,1965)．Somearguesthattradeassociationisacooperativeorganizationcomposedofcompetitorswit}lmutualbenefitinanextensiveandfast-expandin

3、gfieldandthatitisanon·profitorganizationwiththeaimtopromoteandenhanceoneormoreeconomicinterestoftheindustryoroftheparticipantscovered(George．P．Lamb&SumntersKittelle，1956)．InChina，thestudyoftradeassociationjustsprangupinthepastdecadeandremainsundevelo

4、pedcomparedwimforeigncounterparts．Currentlyitisgenerallyacceptedinacademiccommunitythattradeassociationisasocialeconomicorganizationmainlycomposedofenterprisesfromthesameindustryvoluntarilytopromotecommoninterest(QuHongxiang，2003)．Similardefinitionis

5、appliedindecreesissuedbyregionalgovernmentsl．Accordingto“ShanghaiTemporaryRuleonTradeAssociation”。，tradeassociationinthisrulereferstonon-profitj血dicalassociation，mainlyfeaturingbusiness，composedvoluntarilyofeconomicorganizationofthesameindustryaswell

6、asrelevantorganizationsinthiscity．3Tradeassociationstudiedinthisarticlemaybedefinedasanon—profitorganizationcomposedofcompetitorsfromthesameindustrywiththeaimtoprovidemultilateralaidserviceinpromotinggeneralinterestofthespecificindustry．Wemaydeduceso

7、mecharactersoftradeassoc!iationfromitsdefinition】istedasfolJOWS：1．2Characters1．Non-profit‘'Non-profit’’meanstradeassociationdoesnotpursueprofitmaximization；instead，itisestablishedwiththeaimtoprovidepublicservicetoitsmemberssuchasinformationcollection

8、，eventorganization，trainingandordermaintenance，etc．Inthissense，tradeassociationisonetypeofnon-profitorganization(NGO)．Actually,IntemationalStandardIndustrialClassification(ISIC)dividesNGOinto3categories，namelyeducational，medicalandsocialwiththelaston