穆巴拉克时期埃与非政府组织-研究

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1、AbstractNGOs，inthecontemporarysenseoftheword，begantoemergeinEgyptin19也centurybecauseofMohamedAli’Smodernizationproject．Despitetwistsandturns，NGOsofEgyptgraduallydevelopedfromtheBritishoccupation，constitutionalismEra,Na—ssereratillSadatera．Meanwhile，NGOsinEgyptchangedtosomeextent

2、incertainsocialcontext．Egypt’SNGOswereflourishingduringtheeraofMubarak．AgreatdealofNGOswhichincludedreligiouscharities，secularsocialwelfareorganization，communitydevelopmentassociationsandadvocacygroupscarriedoutvariousactivities．Thisphenomenondemons仃atedthediversificationofegypt

3、ians’needsindifferentfieldssuchaseconomy,cultureandpoliticsinEgyptsociety．ThepoliciesoftheMubarakgovernmentweredual．Ononehand，insomeextent，thegovernmentencouragedthedevelopmentofEgypt’SNGOsforthefollowingreasons．Firstly,inEgypt，NGOscouldprovidevarioussocialservices，thusfillingth

4、egapsofgovemmenmlfunctions．Secondly，theintemationalcommunityespeciallythewesterncountriespaidcloseattentiontoEgypt’SNGOs．Consequently,allowingthegrowthofNGOsenabledEgypttopresentanimageaboardofbeingarelativelyliberalregime．Ontheotherhand，theEgyptiangovernmentstrictlyrestrictedNG

5、Osthroughlegalandadministrativemeansforcertainreasons．UnderMubarak’Sauthoritarianregime，thepowerofthestateWashighlycentralizedinthehandsoftheauthority．ThegovernmentmustmaintainitsauthorityonNGOsaffairsincasetheestablishedstateorderwouldbedestroyedbypowerfulNGOsandothersocialforc

6、es．Thoughtightlycontrolledbythegovernment，NGOsinMubarakerakeptoperatingactively．TheymadepositiveeffectsonEgyptiansociety．Forexample，theycontributedtotheeconomy,raisedthelevelofpublicservices，promotedthedemocratizationprocessandprotectedthebenefitsoftheethnicminoritieswhoserepres

7、entativewastheCopts．Egypt’SNGOswererelatedtotheEgyptianrevolutionof2011．Egyptiandidn’towndignity,fairnessorjusticeforalongtimeunderMubarak’Sauthoritarianregime．However,theactivitiesofhumanrightsorganizations，youthNGOsandotherNGOscouldhelppeopleinEgyptraisingawarenessesoftheirIIo

8、wnrightsandstrengtheningconsciousofchange．Inadd