现代大学英语精读3 课文 paraphrase

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.UNIT1…identityisdeterminedbygeneticendowment,shapedbyenvironment,andinfluencedbychanceevents.…ouridentityisdecidedbyourgenes(inheritedfromparents),greatlyinfluencedbyenvironmentweliveinandaffectedbysomeunexpectedevents.First,thereisfunctionalindependence,whichinvolvesthecapabilityofindividualstotakecareofpracticalandpersonalaffairs,suchashandlingfinances,choosingtheirownwardrobes,anddeterminingtheirdailyagenda.First,thereistheindependenceinhandlingeverydaylifesituations,whichinvolvestheabilitytosolvepracticalproblems,suchashowtospendmoneywisely,choosingtheirownclothes,anddeterminingwhattheyaregoingtodoeveryday.Fourthisfreedomfrom“excessiveguilt,anxiety,mistrust,responsibility,inhibition,resentment,andangerinrelationtothemotherandfather.’’Childrenoftenfeelveryguiltyinrelationtotheirparentsbecausetheythinktheyhavedonesomethingwrong;theyarealsoanxiousbecausetheyarealwayseagertopleasetheirparents;theysometimesfeelunhappybecausetheythinkthattheirparentshavenotfairtothem;theyfeelthattheyareresponsibletotheirparentsforeverythingtheydo;theyarealwaysafraidofnotsayingtherightthingornotbehavingproperly;allthesemaymakethemangrywiththeirparentsormakethemresentful.Thesefeelingsreflecttheiremotionaldependenceontheirparents.Whentheygrowup,theyusuallystriveforthefreedomfromsuchdependence.Perhapsoneofthemoststressfulmatters…asmenorwomen.Perhapsyoungcollegestudentsfeelmostdistressedinfindingouttheirsexualidentity,includingassociatingwiththeoppositesexanddesigningtheirfuturerolesasmenorwomen.Probablynothingcanmakestudentsfeellowerorhigheremotionallythanthewaytheyarerelatingtowhomevertheyarehavingaromanticrelationshipwith.Whenstudentsareinaromanticrelationshipwiththeoppositesex,theyaremostlikelytofeelunhappyorhappyemotionally.dragginghisfeetwithadismayed,dejectedlookonhisface.walkingslowlyandlistlessly,lookingveryunhappyanddisappointed“todragone’sfeet”isoftenusedfigurativelytomean”todelaydeliberately”Thelocalauthoritiesaredraggingtheirfeetclosingsmallcoalmines.DuringthecourseIhadcometorealizethatwhilemyworldwasexpandingandnewoptionswereopeningforme,myfather,whowasinhissixties,wasseeinghisworldshrinkandhisoptionsnarrow.(6)FromthecourseIlearnt,Ihaddiscoveredthatdifferentfrommyexpandingworldandmoreopportunities;myfatherwasbeginningtorealizethathisworldwasgettingsmallerandhischoicesfewer... .Thesereligious,morals,andethicalvaluesthataresetduringthecollegeyearsoftenlastalifetime.(7)Thesevaluesthatareestablishedduringthecollegeyearsoftenlastalifetime.Itisbelievedthatourcharacterorbasicmoralprinciplesareformulatedduringthisperiodoftime.Icannolongerreadthenewspaperorwatchatelevisionnewscastwithoutseeingthepeoplefromothercountriesinadifferentlight.inadifferentwayWheneverIreadthenewspaperorwatchatelevisionnewscast,IwillseethepeoplefromothercountriesinadifferentwayfromwhatIusedtosee.☻Whathedidmadeustoseehiminanewlight.☻Inthelightofthenewevidence,wedecidetotakehimtocourt.出于，考虑到Notonlyaretheybeingintroducedtonewpeopleandnewknowledge,buttheyarealsoacquiringnewwaysofassemblingandprocessinginformation.(10)Theyaregettingtoknowalotofnewpeopleandlearningnewknowledge.Theyarealsofindingorlearningnewwaysofarranging,organizing,analyzingorunderstandinginformation.UNIT2Itwasawondertomethey'dwanttobeseenwithsuchawindbag.我不理解为什么他们愿意让人看见自己和这样一个话匣子在一起。Itwassurprisingtomethattheywouldspendtimetogetherwithapersonwhotalkedtoomuchlikemyfather,yettheyseemedtolikeit.Anorderlyridingbyhadtoldhim,becausetheorderlyknewhowthickhewaswithGrant.Anorderlywhoarrivedridingonahorsehadtoldhimaboutthenews,becausetheorderlyknewthathewasaclosefriendofGrant’t.Maybethewomanhaddaredtosympathizewithher."Oh,"shesaid,"it'sallright.Lifeisneverdullwhenmymanisabout."Maybethewomanhadbeenrudeenoughorfoolishenoughtoexpresssympathyformymother.Shesaid:“Lifeisneverboringwhenmyhusbandisaround.”ForthefirsttimeIknewthatIwasthesonofmyfather.HewasastorytellerasIwastobe.Hewasastoryteller.ThatwaswhatIwastobecomelater.Irememberoncewhenhehaddonesomethingridiculous,andrightoutonMainStreet,too,Iwaswithsomeotherboysandtheywerelaughingandshoutingathimandhewasshoutingbackandhavingasgoodatimeastheywere.记得有一次父亲做了一件荒谬可笑的事情，当时又是在大街上，而我正和其他男孩在一起。他们冲着父亲笑着大喊大叫，父亲也冲着他们喊，和他们一样开心.Ialsorememberoncehehaddonesomethingabsurd,andhappenedtobeonMainStreet,too.AtthattimeIwasplayingwithsomeotherboys.Whentheysawmyfather,theylaughedathim.. .andshoutedathim.Inresponse,myfathershoutedbackandseemedtobeashappyastheseboys.　　　ScarletLetterisasinterestinganovelasOliverTwist.You’vemadeasmanymistakesasIhave.HesingsaswellasIdo.There'dbemenIdidn'tthinkwouldwanttobefoolingaroundwithhim.Ithoughtnoonewouldwanttostaywithhim,idlingaboutalldaylong.ItwasbecauselifeinourtownwasattimesprettydullandheliveneditupItwasbecauselifeinourtownwassometimesverydullandhecouldmakethelifemoreexciting.IfitwasaScotsman,aGermanoraSwede,thesamethinghappened.He'dbeanythingtheothermanwas.Ithinktheyallknewhewaslying,buttheyseemedtolikehimjustthesame.=allthesame,inspiteofaparticularsituationoropinionetc.IfaScotsman,aGermanoraSwedecamehere,thesamethingwouldhappen.Hewouldbeborninthesamecountryasthevisitor.Ithinkinspiteofthefactthattheyallknewitwasnottrue,theylikedhimallthesame.Tohearhimtellithe'dbeeninabouteverybattle.Ifyouhadheardhimtellthestoryyouwouldthinkthathehasbeeninabouteverybattle.He'dbeenparticularlyintimatewithGeneralGrantsothatwhenGrantwentEasttotakechargeofallthearmies,hetookfatheralong.HehadhadaverycloserelationshipwithGeneralGrant,closerthanwithothers.Asaresult,whenGrantwentEasttocommandarmies,hetookmyfatheralongwithhim."Youknow,"myfathersaid,"abouttheGeneral'smemoirs.You'vereadofhowhehadaheadacheandhow,whenhegotwordthatLeewasreadytocallitquits,hewassuddenlyandmiraculouslycured.You’veknownhowhegotaheadacheandhowhisheadachewascuredsuddenlyandmysteriouslywhenlearningthenewsthatLeepreparedtosurrender.Theytookacoupleofshotsandthen,becausehedidn'twantGranttoshowupdrunkbeforeLee,hesmashedthebottleagainstthetree.=asmallamountofstrongalcoholicdrinkTheytookseveralsipsofthewineandthenhethrewthebottleagainstthetreeandbrokeitintopieces,becausehedidn’tGranttoturnupdrunkbeforeLee.Whenwewerebroke,downandout,doyouthinkheeverbroughtanythinghome?Nothe.Whenwebecometotallyimpoverished,doyouimaginehehadevergotanythinghome?Neverdidhedothat.Iwasstartled,fortherewasonhisfacethesaddestlookIhadeverseen.Iwasshocked,becauseI’dneverseensuchkindofsadexpressiononhisfacebefore... .Ididn'tknowwhatwasupandhadthequeerfeelingthatIwaswithastranger.Ididn’tknowwhatwashappeningandgotthestrangefeelingthatIwaswalkingwithastranger.Ididnotswimverywell,butheputmyhandonhisshoulderandstruckoutintothedarknessIdidnotswimverywell,butheputmyhandonhisshoulderandswamhardtowardthedarkness.ItwasasthoughIhadbeenjerkedsuddenlyoutofmyworldoftheschoolboy,outofaworldinwhichIwasashamedofmyfather.突然，我似乎被拉出了小男生的世界，被拉出了一个以父亲为耻的世界。ItwasasifIhadbeensuddenlypulledoutofmyworldoftheschoolboy,inwhichIhadconsideredmyfatherashameonme.Hehadbecomebloodofmyblood:hethestrongerswimmerandItheboyclingingtohiminthedarkness.Hehadbecomemyrealfather.Hewasnolongerastrangertome.ItmaybethatIevenlaughedalittle,softlythereinthedarkness.IfIdid,IlaughedknowingthatIwouldneveragainbewantinganotherfather.ItwaspossiblethatIevenlaughedalittle,quietlyinthedarkness.IfIdidsmile,thatwasbecauseIwouldneverbethinkingofanotherfatheragain.UNIT5Andwereturnedhomerefreshed,revitalized,andreeducated.Thistime,gettingtherehadbeenthefun.(Para.2)Whenwegothome,wenotonlyfeltfreshandenergetic,butwehadalsoseenalotandlearnedalot.Thistime,thetripbackhomeitselfwasnotjusthalfthefun,butthefun-therealpleasurewegotoutofourweekofholidays.Americansunderstoodtheprincipleofdeferredgratification.Weputalittleofeachpaycheckaway“forarainyday”.(Para.4)satisfactiontosavemoneytobeusedlater(yousavesomethingorputsomethingaway)foratimeinthefuturewhenyoumayneeditInthepast,Americanswerepatienttohavetheirdesiressatisfied.Wesavedalittlemoneyeachtimewegotpaidincasewemightneeditinthefuture.Thisgeneralimpatience,the“I-hate-to-wait”attitude,hasinfectedeverylevelofourlives.(para5)Thisimpatienceislikeawidespreaddiseasethathasmanyeffectsoneverypartofourlives./Wehavebecomeimpatientineveryaspectofourlives,forinstance,wewanttogetajobdonequickly,toloseweightquickly,tobeservedquickly,etc.. .…Wereplacethemwithsomethingcalled“qualitytime”…Insteadofspendingmoretimewithourlovedonesasweshould,wenowonlysetasideafewhoursandmeanwhiledeceiveourselvesthatwearegivingourbesttime(qualitytime)tothem.Ofcourse,wecouldn’twaittogetthere,sowetookthePennsylvaniaTurnpikeandacoupleofinterstates.(para1)Becausewewereeagertogetthereassoonaspossible,wetookthefastroadslikethePennsylvaniaTurnpikeandtheinterstates.can’twait/canhardlywaittodosth./forsth.:usedtoindicatethatsb.isveryexcitedaboutsth.orkeentodosth.“Lookatthosegorgeousfarms!”myhusbandexclaimedaspastoralsceneryslidbyusat55mph.(para1)　　exclaim:(written)tosaysth.suddenlyandloudly,esp.outofemotionorpain　　slidbyus:movedpastusquickly“Lookatthosebeautifulfarms!”myhusbandcouldn’thelpshoutingwhenthecountrysidescenerymovedpastusquicklyatthespeedof55milesperhour. Forfourhours,ouronlyrealamusementconsistedofcountingexitsignsandwonderingwhatitwouldfeelliketoholdstillagain.(Para.1)The4-hourdriveonfastroadswastedious;theonlyfunwehadwastocounttheexitsignswewerepassingandtofigureouthowwe’dfeelifwestoppedagain.Gettingtherecertainlydidn’tseemlikehalfthefun;infact,gettingtherewasn’tanyfunatall.(Para.1)WehadexpectedthatourridetoWestVirginiawouldbefun,andthathalfofthefunwe’dgetfromthetripwouldcomefromit.Butwewerewrong.Itwasn’tfunatall.WetouredaCivilWarbattlefieldandstoodonthelittlehillthatfifteenthousandConfederatesoldiershadtriedtotakeonanotherhotJulyafternoon,onehundredandtwenty-fiveyearsago,notknowingthathalfofthemwouldgetkilledinthevainattempt.(Para.2)WevisitedaCivilWarbattlefieldandstoodonthelittlehill.Onehundredandtwenty-fiveyearsago,onahotJulyafternoon,15,000soldiersfightingforslavery,whiletryingtooccupythehill,hadnoideathattheywouldfailandthathalfofthemwouldbekilledinthebattle.Westuffedourselveswithspicysaladsandhomemadebreadinan“all-you-can-eat”farmhouserestaurant,thenwanderedoutsidetoenjoythesunshineandtheherdsofcows—nolittledotsthistime—lyinginit.(Para.2)tofillwithstheatasmuchasyoucanWehadamealinafarmhouserestaurantwhereforacertainamountofmoneyyoucouldeatasmuchasyouwanted,andwefedourselveswithlotsofspicysaladsandhomemadebread.Afterthemeal,wewalkedleisurelyoutdoorstoenjoythesunshineandwatchtheherdsofcows—thistimetheydidnotseemlikelittledots—lyinginthesunshine.Infact,mostAmericansareconstantlyinahurry—andnotjusttogetfromPointAtoPointB.Ourcountryhasbecomeanationinsearchofthequickfix—inmorewaysthanone.(Para.3).. .Infact,mostAmericansarealwaysinarush,notonlyingettingaroundfromplacetoplace,butinvariousaspectsoflife.Wetakeoutloansinsteadofmakingdeposits,orweuseourcreditcardtogetthatfurnitureorvacationtrip--relaxnow,paylater.(para4)takeout:toobtainanofficialdocumentorservicee.g.totakeoutaninsurancepolicyrelaxnow,paylater:todo/buywhatwewantnow,andpaylaterToday,insteadofsavingup,weborrowfromthebanksoruseourcreditcardtobuythefurnitureormakethetrip;ourmottohasbecome“relaxnow,paylater”.Andifweareinahurrytoloseweight,wetrythelatestmiraclediet,guaranteedtotakeawaytenpoundsintendays…unlesswe’rerichenoughtoaffordliposuction.(Para.4)Ifwewanttoloseweightquickly,wetrythemostrecentmiracledietwhichissaidtobeeffectiveandissuretomakeusloseapoundperday.Ifwearerichenoughtopayfortheoperation,wecanhaveourunneededfatremovedfromourbodies. What’smore,wedon’tevenwantallofit.(para6)what’smore:inaddition,moreimportantlyThemoreimportantthingisthatwenotonlywanttogetinformationfast,butalsojustwanttogetageneralidea-wenolongerwanttolearnanythingthoroughly.Once,welistenedtoeverynoteofBeethoven’sFifthSymphony.Today,wedon’thavethetime;instead,wecanenjoy…onour“GreatestMomentsoftheClassics”CD.(para6)It’sthesamewithclassicmusicalcompositions.Wenolongerlistenfrombeginningtoend.Instead,webuyaCDcalled“GreatestMomentsoftheClassics”andenjoy100musicalclassics,inexcerpts,includingthe26secondsforthefamous“da-da-da-DUM”openingofBeethoven’sFifthSymphony.Evenourpersonalrelationshipshavebecomecompressed.Insteadofdevotinglargepartsofourdaystoourlovedones…isnotimeatall.(para6)Evenourpersonalrelationshipsareaffected.Insteadofspendingmuchofourtimewithourlovedones,wenowtalkaboutgivingthemfullattentioninthelimitedtimeafterwork.Butusuallywehavenotimetodothatatall.Aswerushfrombooktomusictonewsitemtorelationship,wedonotrealizethatwearelivingourlivesbytheicebergprinciple-payingattentiononlytothetopandignoringthe8/9thatliesjustbelowthesurface.(para6)Whenwerushthroughbooks,music,newsitemsandrelationship,wearepayingattentiontothesurfacetoeverythingandwillnevergetintotheheartofanything.ButIamsayingthatallofusneedtothinkmoreseriouslyaboutputtingthebrakesonour“we-want-it-all-and-we-want-it-nor”lifestylebeforewespeedcompletelyoutofcontrol.(Para.8)toslowdownorstopdoingsomething.. .ButwhatIdowanttosayisthis:beforewegotoofar,allofusneedtothinkseriouslyaboutchangingourlifestyleofseekingaquickfixinourlives.UNIT6Ispentmostofmytimeroamingthewoodsandfieldsalone,playingRobinHood,daydreaming,collectingbugsandbird-watching.Ispentmostofmytimewanderingintheforestsandthefieldsalone,actingRobinHood,daydreaming,collectingbugsandbird-watching.KeepingtomyselfwasmywayofnotformingattachmentsthatIwouldonlyhavetoabandonthenexttimewemoved.(3)IdidnottrytomakeanyfriendsbecauseinthatwayIcouldavoidhavingtogiveupmyfriendshipthenexttimeIhadtomove.Familiaritysometimesmakespeoplephysicallyinvisible,foryoufindyourselftalkingtotheheart—totheessence,asitwere,ratherthantotheface.(26)Whenpeoplegettoknoweachotherreallywell,sometimestheydon'tnoticephysicalchanges.Theboydidnotseethathisfriend,theoldlady,wasgettingweakerandweakerbecauseallthetimehewastalkingtoherheart,ratherthantoherface.ButonedayIbecameattachedthroughnodesignofmyown.ButonedayIbeganafriendshipjustbychance.Istartedhiking…toanalmostimpenetrablestandoftreescalledBearWood.Istartedtotakealongwalk…toadensegrowthoftreescalledBearWood.Yes,theyarewary.Butthen,gamekeepershavebeenshootingthemeversincetheygothere.They’reintroduced,youknow,notnative.Yes,they’rewatchful.Butthebadthingisthatsomegamekeepershavebeenkillingthemsincetheygothereandtheywerebroughtintothisplacefromsomewhereelse,notbornandraisedhere.Igazed…attheglass-frontedcasescontainingfiguresofivoryandcarvedstone,…traysofpinnedbutterfliesand…adozenorsostuffedbirds.Ilookatthecabinetswithglasswindowsthatcontainedstatuesandmodelscarvedoutofivoryandstone,…traysofbutterfliesfastenedwithpinsand…abouttwelvebirdsthatweremadeintospecimens.(para.18)很快我便看见一栋夕阳西下中粉红色的小砖房。罗伯特—格拉斯科太太打开房门，邀请我入内。我静静凝视着眼前的书架和装着象牙和石头雕刻的玻璃门柜子、装满各种化石标本的贮藏柜和一盘盘用大头针钉着的蝴蝶标本，我简直惊呆了。尤其是那十多只鸟类标本，最为奇妙了，其中包括一只用玻璃作为眼珠的雕鸮。Itisawisdomtutoredbynatureitself,abouttheseenandtheunseen,aboutthingsthatchange.. .andthingsthatarechangeless,andaboutthefactthatnomatterhowseeminglydifferenttwosoulsmaybe,theypossessthepotentialforthatmostprecious,rarething---anenduringandrewardingfriendship.Ilearnalotofknowledge,taughtbynatureitself,aboutthethingsIcansee---thebirds,insects,trees,andflowers,andthethingsIcannotsee---ideas,scientificlawsandprinciples.Ialsolearnalotaboutthethingsthatchange,includinglifeitself,aswellasthethingsthatarechangelesslikefriendship,love,care,concern,affectionandmanybasicvalues.WhenIwas12yearsold,myfamilymovedtoEngland,thefourthmajormoveinmyshortlife…(para1)WhenIwas12yearsold,myfamilymovedtoEngland,whichwasthefourthmajormoveinmyshortlife.Myfather’sgovernmentjobdemandedthathegooverseaseveryfewyears,soIwasusedtowrenchingmyselfawayfromfriends.Becausethedemandofhisjob,myfatherhadtogoabroadregularyafterafewyearsandIwasusedtosufferingthesorrowofleavingmyfriends.Lovingnature,however,Iwasmostdelightedbytheendlesspatchworkoffarmsandwoodlandthatsurroundedourhouse.(2)However,as(because)Ilovednature,Iwasreallyveryhappytoenjoytheendlesspiecesoffarmsandwoodsaroundourhouse.Myownbreathingranginmyears,andtheslighteststirringofanywoodlandcreatureechoedthroughthisprivateparadise.(4)Icouldevenhearmyownbreathing,andeventhelightestmovementofanybirdoranimalinthewoodcouldbeheardthroughoutthisparadise.SoonIsawasmallbrickcottagethatglowedpinklyinthewesteringsun.(18)SoonIsawasmallbrickcottageshiningwithapinkcolorinthesunthatwasmovingtowardthewest.…andmywellofknowledgeaboutnaturalhistorybegantobrimover.Ibegantoknowmuchaboutnaturalhistory,toomuchforaboyofmyage.springorfountainoverflowMymotherwasregardingmewithastrangegentleness.(29)MymotherwaslookingatmewithastrangegentlenessbecauseshewantedtobreakthenewsgentlysothatIwouldnottakeittoohard.UNIT9Iamstilljustasignorantforallyourtellingme... .Istilldon’tknowwhatthoseflowerareinspiteofyourtellingmeaboutthem.Butnow,ashespoke,thatmemoryfaded.Hewasthetruer.Butnowhewastalkingaboutthatafternoon.Thatmemoryabouttheridiculousscenegraduallydisappeared.Hismemoryofthepartywasmoreaccurate.Afterall,itwasawonderfulafternoon.Andinthewarmth,asitwere,anothermemoryunfolded.Andinthewarmsunshine,shefeltasifsherememberedsomethingelseofthepast.Hehadlostallthatdreamyvaguenessandindecision.Nowhelookedlikeamanwhowasverypractical,veryclearaboutwhatheshouldsowithhislife.Nowhehastheairofamanwhohasfoundhisplaceinlife.Nowhelookedlikeamanwhohadfoundasuccessfulcareer.Ashespoke,…shefeltthestrangebeastthathadslumberedsolongwithinherbosomstir,stretchitself,yawn,prickupitsears,andsuddenlyboundtoitsfeet,andfixitslonging,hungrystareuponthosefarawayplaces.Whilehewastalking,…shefeltthatherlong-cherishedwishtotraveltoallthosedistantandmysteriousplacesthathadbeensleepingsolonginherheartseemedtosuddenlyawakened,yearningtobefulfilled./Herstrongdesiretogotothoseplacesheldsolonginherbosomnowawoke.Thedesirebecamestrongerandstronger.Shewasburstwithherdesire.OnlydidIdesire,eventually,toturnintoamagiccarpetandcarryyouawaytoallthoselandsyoulongedtosee.WhatIwantedmostisformyselftobecomeamagiccarpetsothatIwouldtakeyoutoallthosedistantcountriesyouwantedtosee."Shesmiled,hefrowned."Shesmiledbecauseshewasverygladtoseeheroldfriend.Whilehefrownedbecausehecouldnotrecallwherehehadmether.…seriousandinfuriatedoutofallproportiontotheoccasion.completelyuncalled-for,totallyunnecessaryunderthecircumstancesWhathadhappenedthatafternoonmadeafoolofthemboth.Butwhathasbecomeofyourbeautifulpiano?Butwhathashappenedtoyourbeautifulpiano?…likemournfullovers.Theyloveeachotherbutfeelsadforsomereason.Thegreatestwishforthemistodietogether,likeRomeoandJuliet... .UNIT10Hehadopenedhiseyeswiththesunatdawn,scratched,donehisbusinesslikeadogataroadside.Hehasopenedhiseyeswiththesunatdawn,scratched,emptiedhisbowelslikeadogattheroadside.Livewithoutconventions,whichareartificialandfalse;escapecomplexitiesandextravagances:…Oneshouldlivewithoutconventionsascommonpeople,sincethesearenotgenuine,andoneshouldalsoavoidcomplexlivesandthingsthatarenotnecessary,onlyinthiswaycanyouliveafreelife.Theypossesshim.Heistheirslave.Theycontrolhim.Hedependsonthem.Inordertogetacertainamountofmaterialproperties,whichactuallyhavenovalueandwillnotlast,hehasbeencontrolledbythesethingsandhasgivenawayhisindependencewhichistheonlythingthatistrueandcanlast.Inordertoprocureaquantityoffalse,perishablegoodshehassoldtheonlytrue,lastinggood,hisownindependence.(4)Peoplegetonlysomefalseandeasilyspoiledmaterialgoodsatthecostoftheirowneverlastingindependence.Hislife’saimwascleartohim:itwas“torestampthecurrency”:totakethecleanmetalofhumanlife,toerasetheoldfalseconventionalmarkings,andtoimprintitwithitstruevalues.(5)Lifeislikeametalmarkedwithfalseandconventionalvalues.Hislifetaskistoremovethosefalsemarkingsandimprintatruevalueonit.Hewasthemanofthehour,ofthecentury;…Hewasmostimportantandpowerfulpersonatthemomentandinthecentury;…Everybodyknewhimorknewofhim.(1)wasfamiliarwithwastoldorreadorheardaboutthepersonItwasnotahouse,notevenasquatter’shut.(2)Hedidnotliveeveninadesertedhut.Hethoughteverybodylivedfartooelaborately,expensively,anxiously.(2)Hethoughtthatourlifeistoocomplicated,toocostlyandgivesustoomuchpressure.Inshort,hearguesthatweshouldsimplifyourlife.Hespentmuchofhislifeintherich,lazy,corruptGreekcityofCorinth,mockingandsatirizing.. .itspeople,andoccasionallyconvertingoneofthem.(2)Hechosetoliveamongthewealthy,lazyanddishonestcitizensofCorinth,spentmuchofhistimeridiculingthemandoccasionallypersuadedoneofthemintoadoptinghisbelief.Hewasnotthefirsttoinhabitsuchathing.(3)Hewasnotthefirstmanwhohadlivedinsuchastoragejar.Buthewasthefirstwhoeverdidsobychoice,outofprinciple.(3)Buthewasthefirsttodosobecausehewantedto.Diogenestookhisoldcaskandbegantorollitupanddown.“Whenyouareallsobusy,”hesaid,“IfeelIoughttodosomething!”(9)WhentheCorinthianswerebusypreparingforthecomingwar,Diogenesrolledhiscaskupanddowntoridiculetheirsillybehavior.…hisairofdestiny.（14）…theairofsomeonewhohasthepowertodeterminethecourseofeventsinfuture.带着世界主宰者的气派UNIT12Allareimportantandmustbereasonablysatisfiedifwearetofulfillourbiologicaldestiny.(1)Allofthemareimportantandmustbefulfilledifwearegoingtoexperiencelivesashumans.Iitalicizetheneedforpowerbecause,…thewaywecontinuallystruggleforpowerineveryaspectofourlivesseemsuniquelyhuman.Iitalicizetheneedforpowerbecausetheneedforpowerseemsexclusivelyahumanneed.Thisisshowninhoweagerlyweseekpowerineveryaspectofourlives.Infact,ifitwerenotfortheneedforpower,ourwholeeconomywouldcrumblebecausealmostallthatisboughtandsold,exceptforbarenecessities,isforthesakeofpower.(4)collapse,loseeffectivenessforthepurposeofInfact,itisourneedforpowerthathaspushedthedevelopmentofourwholeeconomybecauseallwhatwebuyandsellistoserveourpurposetogainpower.Thattheirteachingshavebeenlargelyacceptedwhenwhattheyadvocateissoobviouslyself-servingisatributetohoweffectivetheyhavebeeningettingtheirmessageacross.(6)interestedingaininganadvantageforyourselftobeaclearsignofthegoodqualitiesthatsb.orsth.has(证明)Itissurprisingthatwhattheypropagateshouldbeacceptedbymany,forobviouslytheirpropagandaservestheirowninterests,helpingtomaintaintheirpower.Thisclearlyshowshoweffectivetheirpropagandamachineis... .Loweranimals,whosebehaviorisessentiallybuilt-inandwhodonothavemuchabilitytolearn,arenotinvolvedwithfun.Becausetheirbehaviorisbasicallypredeterminedbytheirgenes,loweranimalsdonothavetomakechoices,donothavemuchabilitytolearn,andthereforetheydonothavetheneedforfun.Myguessisthatwewillsurviveindirectproportiontohowmuchwecanlearn.(13)accordingtoaparticularrelationshipinsize,amount,etc.Inmyopinion,thegreaterourabilitytolearn,thebetterourchancetosurvive.Amonotonoustaskisalwaysboringunlesswecanfindawaytolearnwhiledoingsomethingrepetitive,ormakethethingwearedoingcompetitiveorsocial,asTomSawyerdidwhenhewaspaintingthefence.Thetaskwhichlacksvarietyisalwaysboringunlesswecanfindawaytolearnwhilewearedoingsomethingagainandagain,orwecanmakethethingwearedoingfullofcompetitionorinvolvingtheinteractionwithotherpeople,asTomSawyerdidwhenhewaspaintingthefence.Allfiveneedsarebuiltintoourgeneticstructureasinstructionsforhowwemustattempttoliveourlives.Allfiveneedsareinbornaspartofournatureanddirectusaswegothroughourlives.Simplesurvivalneedslikehunger,thirst,andsexualdesirearerelativelyclear-cut,andwequicklylearnwhatparticulardiscomfortisattachedtothedenialofthesebasicneeds.(3)Itisrelativelyeasytodefinesimplesurvivalneedsthatsatisfyhunger,thirstandsexualdesirebecausewecaneasilyfindwhatparticulardiscomfortwefeelwhenthesebasicneedsaredenied.Theneedforpowerisparticularlydifficulttosatisfybecauseinmanyculturesthemoresoftheculturecondemnthosewhoopenlystriveforit.(3)Inmanyculturesopenlytryingtogainpowerisregardedasrunningcountertothecodeofconductofculture,andthosewhodosoarestronglydisapprovedof,soitisespeciallydifficultforonetomeethis/herneedforpower.Theypreachthevirtuesofhumilitybecausethemorepeopletheycanpersuadetobehumble,themoreeasilytheycanbothpreserveandaddtothepowerthattheyhave.（6）Theyadvocatemodestypraisingitasanadmirablequalitybecausetheyknowthemorepeopletheymakehumble,themoreeasilytheycankeepandstrengthenthepowertheyhaveseized.Whileitiseasytounderstandthatpeoplewhostriveforpowermaybecomedominantandhaveabetterchancetosurvive,mostofushavedifficultyacceptingthatthisneediswritteninourgenes.（6）Althoughpeopleadmitthatthosewhostriveforpowerarelikelytohaveadvantagesoverothers,mostofuscan’twillinglyaccepttheviewthatpowerisahumanneedorissomethingwehave.. .inheritedfromourancestors.Whodoyouknowwhoissocompletelysatisfiedwithhislifethathecangoaweekwithoutcomplainingthatsomeonehasgotteninthewayofwhathewantedtodo?(7)preventsb.fromdoingsthPeopleareconstantlycomplainingthattheyarepreventedfromachievingtheirgoal.Actuallyyoucanhardlyfindapersonwhodoesn'tmakesuchcomplaintsbeforeaweekgoesby.Mostofuscannotgetthroughadaywithoutcomplaint:Tobesatisfiedwithhowothershavetreatedusforaweekwouldseemlikeaneternity.(7)tobeaperiodthatseemstobeverylongornevertoendMostofuscanfindsomethingtocomplainaboutdaily.Anyfeelingofsatisfactionwithhowwearetreatedwon’tlastaslongasaweek.Ifwethinkthatwehaveanychanceatalltomovebeyondbaresurvival,wearealmostallambitious.(8)Allhumanswantandaredeterminedtosucceedinonewayoranotheriftheybelievethattheycanmanagemorethanmerelytokeepalive.Thereisnogreaterworkincentivethantobeabletoseethatyourefforthasapowerpayoff.(9)Tobeabletoseethatyoureffortwillberewardedwithsomesortofpoweristhebestincentiveforwork.Andasmuchasachildmayloveherparents,shealsowantsthefreedomtobranchoutonherown.(10)(as)muchas=although,usedtomeanthatalthoughonethingistrue,somethingelseisalsotrue.addtotherangeofone’sinterestsoractivitiesAlthoughachildmayloveherparentsverymuch,shealsowantsherparentstoletherdevelopthewayshewants.Itcanbalancealotofmisery,anditislikeacatalystthatmakesanythingwedobetterandworhdoingagainandagain.(11)Ifinthemiserywestillkeepourdesireforfunalive,wewouldbeabletofaceourmisery;andifwemakeanenjoyablejoboutofaboringtask,wewoulddoitbetterandthinkitworthdoingagainandagain.Anytimewecanintroducepower,freedomorbelongingintoasituation,wefinditmoreinteresting.Andaswedo,wealsofindourselveslearningalongtheway.(14)Wheneverwearemotivatedbypower,freedomorbelonging,wedoajobwithmoreinterests.Andaswetackleonetaskafteranotherwithinterests,wekeeplearningandprogressingallourlives...