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1、TheGreatwallTheGreatWallisthesymbolofChina’sancientcivilizationandoneofthefamous,grandandsplendidancientconstructionwondersintheworld.In1987,itwaslistedastheworldcultureheritagebytheUNESCO.Formanycenturies,theGreatWallservedasamilitarygiganticdefensiveprojecttokeepoutth
2、einvadingtroopsofthenorthernnomadictribes.TheconstructionoftheGreatWallfirstbeganintheseventhcenturyBC.ThatperiodoftimewascalledtheSpringandAutumnWarringStatesPeriod.ThefirstwallthatappearedinChinawasbuiltbyKingdomQiandChu.Theybuiltahighwall,whichwascalled“squarewall”su
3、rroundingtheirownterritoriesthatcouldmaketheinvadingenemyfeelterrifiedbythehighwall,soitwasknownastheQiandChuGreatWall.DuringtheWarringStatesPeriodthereweresevensmallkingdoms.Inordertodefendthemselvesagainsttheneighboringstates,allthekingdomshadhighwallsbuiltaroundtheir
4、ownterritories.ThethreestatesofQin,Zhao,andYanhadthehighwallsbuiltalongtheirnorthernfrontiersasdefensiveprojects.TherehighwallsweretheprimitivetypeofthepresentdayGreatWallandlaidthefoundationofthepresentGreatWall.InChinesehistory,large-scaleconstructionoftheGreatWallwas
5、concentratedinthreedynasties:Qin,Han,andMingdynasties.In221BC,afterQinShihuangdefeatedtheothersixkingdomsandunifiedChina,hegavehimselfthetitle:theFirstEmperorofQinDynasty,EmperorQinShihuang.ThenhedecidedtolinkupalltheseparatedhighwallsbuiltbydifferentkingdomsintotheGrea
6、tWall.EspeciallythehighwallsinthenorthernpartofChinabuiltbyQin,ZhaoandYanwerelinkedupandextendedintoaGreatWalltowardoffharassmentbytheHunsandfortheuseoffurtherdefensiveproject.Ittook10yearstofinishandinvolvedonmillionpeople,aboutonefifthofChina’spopulationatthattime.The
7、QinGreatWallstartedfromLintaoinGansuprovinceinthewestandendedinLiaodong,Liaoningprovinceintheeast.Itcoveredadistanceof7000kilometers,soitwascalledthe“Ten-thousandLiGreatWall”.LiisChineseunitofdistance,about500metersinoneLi.Large-scaleconstructionoftheGreatWallwascontinu
8、ouslycarriedoutduringthereignofemperorWuDiintheHandynasty.ApartfrommaintainingandutilizingtheQinGreatWall,they
