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1、THEREALECONOMYINTHELONGRUN12ProductionandGrowthThesechaptersdescribetheforcesthatinthelongrundetermine13Saving,Investment,andtheFinancialSystemkeyrealvariables,includinggrowthinGDP,saving,investment,14TheBasicToolsofFinancerealinterestrates,andunemployment.15Unemploymen
2、tMONEYANDPRICESINTHELONGRUN16TheMonetarySystemThemonetarysystemiscrucialindeterminingthelong-runbehaviorofthepricelevel,theinflationrate,andother17MoneyGrowthandInflationnominalvariables.THEMACROECONOMICSOFOPENECONOMIES18Open-EconomyMacroeconomics:Anation’seconomicinter
3、actionswithothernationsaredescribedBasicConceptsbyitstradebalance,netforeigninvestment,andexchangerate.19AMacroeconomicTheoryoftheAlong-runmodeloftheopeneconomyexplainsthedeterminantsOpenEconomyofthetradebalance,therealexchangerate,andotherrealvariables.SHORT-RUNECONOMI
4、CFLUCTUATIONS20AggregateDemandandAggregateSupplyThemodelofaggregatedemandandaggregatesupplyexplains21TheInfluenceofMonetaryandFiscalPolicyshort-runeconomicfluctuations,theshort-runeffectsofmonetaryonAggregateDemandandfiscalpolicy,andtheshort-runlinkagebetweenrealandnomi
5、-nalvariables.22TheShort-RunTrade-offbetweenInflationandUnemploymentFINALTHOUGHTSAcapstonechapterpresentsbothsidesoffivemajordebates23FiveDebatesoverMacroeconomicPolicyovereconomicpolicy.ThispageintentionallyleftblankMacroeconomicsPRINCIPLESOFFIFTHEDITIONN.GREGORYMANKIW
6、HARVARDUNIVERSITYAustralia•Brazil•Japan•Korea•Mexico•Singapore•Spain•UnitedKingdom•UnitedStatesPrinciplesofMacroeconomics,5e©2009,2007South-Western,apartofCengageLearningN.GregoryMankiwALLRIGHTSRESERVED.NopartofthisworkcoveredbythecopyrightVicePresidentofEditorial,Busin
7、ess:hereonmaybereproducedorusedinanyformorbyanymeans—graphic,JackW.Calhounelectronic,ormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,taping,WebVicePresident/Editor-in-Chief:distribution,informationstorageandretrievalsystems,orinanyotherAlexvonRosenbergmanner—exceptasmaybep
8、ermittedbythelicensetermsherein.ExecutiveEditor:MikeWorlsDevelopmentalEditor:JaneTuftsForproductinformationand