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1、CornellUniversityILRSchoolDigitalCommons@ILRArticlesandChaptersILRCollection3-1-1983InstitutionalSourcesofChangeintheFormalStructureofOrganizations:TheDiffusionofCivilServiceReform,1880-1935PamelaS.TolbertCornellUniversity,pst3@cornell.eduLynneG.ZuckerUniversityofC
2、alifornia,LosAngelesFollowthisandadditionalworksat:http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/articlesPartoftheCivilEngineeringCommonsThisArticleisbroughttoyouforfreeandopenaccessbytheILRCollectionatDigitalCommons@ILR.IthasbeenacceptedforinclusioninArticlesandChaptersby
3、anauthorizedadministratorofDigitalCommons@ILR.Formoreinformation,pleasecontactjdd10@cornell.edu.InstitutionalSourcesofChangeintheFormalStructureofOrganizations:TheDiffusionofCivilServiceReform,1880-1935AbstractThispaperinvestigatesthediffusionandinstitutionalizatio
4、nofchangeinformalorganizationstructure,usingdataontheadoptionofcivilservicereformbycities.Itisshownthatwhencivilserviceproceduresarerequiredbythestate,theydiffuserapidlyanddirectlyfromthestatetoeachcity.Whentheproceduresarenotsolegitimated,theydiffusegraduallyandth
5、eunderlyingsourcesofadoptionchangeovertime.Inthelattercase,earlyadoptionofcivilservicebycitiesisrelatedtointernalorganizationalrequirements,withcitycharacteristicspredictingadoption,whilelateadoptionisrelatedtoinstitutionaldefinitionsoflegitimatestructuralform,soth
6、atcitycharacteristicsnolongerpredicttheadoptiondecision.Overall,thefindingsprovidestrongsupportfortheargumentthattheadoptionofapolicyorprogrambyanorganizationisimportantlydeterminedbytheextenttowhichthemeasureisinstitutionalized—whetherbylaworbygraduallegitimation.
7、Keywordscivilservicereform,institutionalchange,organizationalchangeDisciplinesCivilEngineeringCommentsSuggestedCitationTolbert,P.S.,&Zucker,L.G.(1983).Institutionalsourcesofchangeintheformalstructureoforganizations:Thediffusionofcivilservicereform,1880-1935[Electro
8、nicversion].AdministrativeScienceQuarterly,28,22-39.http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/articles/131/RequiredPublisherStatementReprintedfrom“In
