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1、casethenovelistintendstopointouttheprofoundcauseofGatsby’stragedy.Dr.WatsoninthestoriesofSherlockHolmesservesasafoiltothehero,renderingthedetectivesmarterthanhewouldotherwiseappeartothereader. Bythedegreeoftheirdevelopment,characterscanbegroupedasroundcharactersand flatcharacters.This
2、divisionisproposedbyE.MForster.Roundcharactersarefullydevelopedwhileflatcharactersarenot.Orwecansaythatroundcharactersgrowwhileflatcharactersdonot.Usuallythereaderisallowedaccesstotheinnerlifeoftheroundcharacterandpermittedtolearnaboutmanysidesoftheroundcharacter.Theflatcharacterisa“c
3、losed”charactertowhoseinnerthoughtsthereaderisdeniedaccess.Usuallyonesideoftheflatcharacterisshowninthenovel.Mostheroesareroundcharacterswhogrowemotionallyorspiritually. ChapterThreeTheme AristotleinPoeticslistssixbasicelementsoftragedy.Melody(song)anddiction(language)fallinthegeneral
4、categoryofstyle,andspectacleisrelevanttosettinginourdiscussionoffiction.Theotherthreeaspectsaremythosorplot,ethosorcharacter,anddianoia,whichwegenerallytranslateinto“thought”inEnglish.AccordingtoAristotle,plotisthe“soul”orshapingprincipleorfiction,andcharactersexistprimarilyasfunction
5、softheplot.Inmostofthestories,plotplaystheroleofprincipalstructureofthestory.But,asNorthropFryepointsout,besidestheinternalfictionofthecharacterandhis/hersociety,thereisanexternalfictionconsistingofarelationbetweenthewriterandthewriter’ssociety.WeindeedhaveliteraryworksbythelikesofSha
6、kespeareandHomerinwhichartistryiscompletelyabsorbedintheirinternalcharactersandwecanhardlyperceivetheexistenceoftheauthor.However,assoonastheauthor’spersonalityappearsonthehorizon,arelationwiththereaderisestablished,andsometimesthereseemsnostoryatallapartfromwhattheauthorisconveyingto
7、his/herreader.Inthiscase,theprimaryinterestindianoia,theideaorthoughtthatreadergetsfromthewriter,whichinmoderncriticismwegenerallycall“theme”. I.WhatIsTheme? Oneofthesafestcommentstomakeaboutnovelsisonthetheme.Everyoneisentitledtoextractathemebaseduponhisunderstandingofthenovel.Themem
8、aybet
