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1、EDWARDJ.HUGHESIntroductionAlbertCamuswasawriterwhoemergedfromsocialobscuritytobecomeabest-sellingauthorandpost-wariconinFranceandbeyond,winningtheNobelPrizeforliteraturein1957.HisprematuredeathinJanuary1960–heandthepublisherMichelGallimardwerekilledinacarcrashatVille-blevi
2、n,southofParis–didnothingtodiminishthaticonicstatus.Yetbehindthistidy,poverty-to-celebrity-to-tragedynarrative,amorecomplexlifestoryandbodyofwritingbeckon.InhisNobelacceptancespeechatStockholminDecember1957,hepointsoutthathislifestoryispartofthecollectivehis-toryofhisgener
3、ation,whichhaslivedthrough‘unehistoiredementielle’(‘an´insanehistory’),onethathashadtocontendwith‘lemouvementdestructeurdel’histoire’(Ess,1072,1074)(‘thedestructivemovementofhistory’).BornontheeveoftheFirstWorldWar,Camuscontinues,heandhiscontempo-rariesreachedadulthoodasHi
4、tlerobtainedpowerandasthefirstoftherevolutionarytrialsgotunderwayintheSovietUnion.Andjusttoroundofftheeducationofhisgeneration,astringofconfrontationsfollow–withcivilwarinSpain,theSecondWorldWarandtheconcentrationcamps.Mean-whilethechildrenofthisgenerationfacethespectreofnu
5、cleardestruction.Camus’sconclusionisthatadeathinstinctisatworkinthecollectivehistoryofhistimesastyranny’s‘grandsinquisiteurs’(Ess,1073)(‘grandinquisitors’)holdsway.Inaddition,however,Camus’sEuropeannessandmoreparticularlyhisFrenchnesswasinanimportantsenseatypical,skewedbyt
6、hefactthathewasbornintotheworking-classpoorofcolonialAlgeria,therebyjoiningtheranksoftheso-calledpetitscolonsorsmall-timecolonisers.Thismarginalposition–adriftnotonlyfrommetropolitanFrancebutalsofromtheFrenchcolonialbourgeoisiewhoruledAlgeriaandanunder-classofnativeAlgeria
7、nswhoseplightheneverthelesshighlighted1–wastoremaincentraltohissenseofidentity.AFrenchcolonysince1831,AlgeriahadbeendeclaredFrenchnationalterritorybytheFrenchgovernmentofthe1848revolution.Indemo-graphicterms,itwastobecomeFrance’smostFrenchcolonialpossession,1CambridgeColle
8、ctionsOnline©CambridgeUniversityPress,2007edwardj.hughessothatby1936therewereamillionEuro
