molecular genetics of bacteria_asm_mgb intro

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1、40356Intro001-012r1vl.qxd3/27/073:06PMPage11234567891011TheBiologicalUniverse3TheEubacteria312TheArchaea313TheEukaryotes4Introduction14TheProkaryotesandtheEukaryotes515WhatIsGenetics?516BacterialGenetics617BacteriaAreHaploid618ShortGenerationTimes619AsexualReproduction620ColonyG

2、rowthonAgarPlates721ColonyPurification7SerialDilutions722Selections723StoringStocksofBacterialStrains724GeneticExchange725PhageGenetics826PhagesAreHaploid8hegoalofthistextbookistointroducethestudenttothefieldofbac-27SelectionswithPhages8terialmoleculargenetics.Bacteriaarerelativ

3、elysimpleorganisms,28CrosseswithPhages8Tandsomearequiteeasytomanipulateinthelaboratory.Forthese29ABriefHistoryofBacterialMolecularreasons,manymethodsinmolecularbiologyandrecombinantDNAtech-30Genetics8nologyhavebeendevelopedaroundbacteria,andtheseorganismsoftenInheritanceinBacter

4、ia831serveasmodelsystemsforunderstandingcellularfunctionsanddevelop-Transformation932Conjugation9mentalprocessesinmorecomplexorganisms.Muchofwhatweknow33Transduction9aboutthebasicmolecularmechanismsincells,suchastranslationandrepli-34RecombinationwithinGenes9cation,hasoriginated

5、withstudiesofbacteria.Thisisbecausesuchcentral35SemiconservativeDNAReplication10cellularfunctionshaveremainedlargelyunchangedthroughoutevolution.36mRNA10Ribosomeshaveasimilarstructureinallorganisms,andmanyofthetrans-37TheGeneticCode10lationfactorsarehighlyconserved.TheDNAreplica

6、tionapparatusofallTheOperonModel1038organismscontainsfeaturesincommonsuchasslidingclampsandeditingEnzymesforMolecularBiology1039functions,whichwerefirstdescribedinbacteriaandtheirphages.Chaper-What’sAhead1040onesthathelpotherproteinsfoldandtopoisomerasesthatchangethetopol-41ogyo

7、fDNAwerefirstdiscoveredinbacteriaandtheirviruses,called42phages.StudiesofrepairofDNAdamageandmutagenesisinbacteriahave43alsoledthewaytoanunderstandingofsuchpathwaysineukaryotes.Exci-44sionrepairsystems,mutagenicpolymerases,andmismatchrepairsystems45areremarkablysimilarinallorgan

8、ismsandhaverecentlybeenimplicatedin46sometypeso