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1、FRACTIONALSTNISTICSANDANYONSUPERCONDUCTIWYFrankWilczekTheInstituteforAdvancedStudyPrincetonWorldScientificSingaporelNewJerseylLondonlHongKongPublishedbyWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.P0Box128,FarrerRoad,Singapore9128USAoffice:687HartwellStreet,Teaneck,NJ0766
2、6UKoffice:73LyntonMead,Totteridge,LondonN208DHTheeditorandpublisheraregratefultotheauthorsandthefollowingpublishersfortheirassistanceandpermissiontoreproducethereprintedpapersfoundinthisvolume:AmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience(Science)AmericanInstitut
3、eofPhysics(J.Math.Phys.)AmericanPhysicalSociety(Phys.Rev.&Phys.Rev.Lett.)ElsevierSciencePublishersB.V.(Nucl.Phys.&Phys.Lett.)KluwerAcademicPublishers(Lett.Math.Phys.)SocietaItalianadiFisica(fl.NuovoCimento)FRACTIONALSTATISTICSANDANYONSUPERCONDUCTIVITYCopyright019
4、90byWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.Allrightsreserved.Thisbook,orpartsthereof,maynotbereproducedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphoto-copying,recordingoranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystemnowknownortobeinvented,withoutwrittenperimiss
5、ionfromthePublisher.ISBN981-02-0048-X981-02-0049-BpbkLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publicationdataisavailable.PrintedinSingaporebyLoiPrintingPte.Ltd.VIntroductionOverthepastfewyearstheideaoffractionalquantumstatistics,andthetechniquesdevelopedtostudyit,hasproved
6、usefulinseveralquitediverseareasofphysics,fromcosmicstringsandblackholestothefractionalquantizedHalleffectandhigh-temperaturesuperconductivity.Whiletheearlypapersweremotivatedbyaspiritofexplorationorsimpleplayfulness,itnowseemsclearthatasuprisinglypowerfulandcohe
7、rentsetofideashasevolvedaroundthistheme.ThisbookisanattempttomakewhatIseeasthecentralconceptsreadilyaccessibletophysicistswithdiversebackgrounds.Mathematiciansandchemistsmayalsofindmaterialofinteresttothem.Thebookconsistsoftwoparts.Thefirstpartofthebookcanberegar
8、dedasaself-containedmonograph.Itconsistsoftwolongarticles.ConceptsinFractionalStatisticsismainlyconcernedwiththebasicformulationoffractonalstatistics,andwithva