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1、英语语法基础一、词性1.名词(noun-*n.):表示人或物的名称,man,teacher,book,music,time等。另有专有名词如Tom,NewYork,WallStreet,ATM等。动名词也是名词,由动词+ing构成,表示某种彳亍为,女口:swimming,playingbasketball,beingshort等。在英语中,名词可做句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、同位语。女口:1lovestudyingEnglishinmyleisure/spare/freetime.(主语、宾语)Beingshortis
2、notadisadvantage・(主语、表语)Therailwaybridgeistobereconstructednextmonth.(定语)Wemadehimmonitor.(宾语补足语)WeChinesepeoplemeanwhatwesay.(同位语)2.各种代词(pronoun-^pron.)指代人或物,如人称代词he,she,us,them,指示代词this,that,these,不定代词some,any,someone,something,all,each,疑问代词what,which等。代词类似于名词,在英语中
3、通常做主语、宾语,少数可以做表语、同位语、定语。Whathashappenedtohiml(主语、宾语)Thisismybook.Yoursisoverthere・(定语、主语)Theyeach/allgotabirthdaypresent・(同位语。当然,还有主语they也是代词。)注意:反身代词只能作宾语、表语、同位语,绝对不能做主语!例如:Hehimselfistoblameforthemistake.(同位语)Heisn'thimself!doesn'tlook/feel/seemhimselftoday.(表i吾)He
4、slipped,butdidn'thurthimself.(宾语)1.形容词(adjective—adj./a.)形容词的主要功能就是作定语、表语、补足语。如:Heissaidtobeahandsomeboy.(定语)Heistall,handsome,andaboveall,veryintelligent.(表语)Hefelldowntotheground,dead.(主语补足语)2.副词(adverbial->adv./ad.)副词通常做状语,修饰动词、形容词、另外一个副词、整个句子。Heplaysthepianowell/
5、verywell.(修饰动词短语playsthepiano,very又修饰副词well)Sheisvery/really/prettybeautiful.(修饰形容词beautiful)Surprisingly,hepassedtheexamatfirstattempt.(修饰整个句子)注意一词多义、一词多性现象:Shewasveryillandwasrushedtohospitalimmediately.(形容词,"生病的”,句中作表语)illeffects/discipline/temper/humor(形容词,"不好的;糟
6、糕的;有害的”,只能作前置定语)///-equipped////-treat/speakillofsb(副词,“坏地;糟糕地”,做状语)acureforallthenation^ills(名词,“问题;困难”,作宾语。)Thebookisverygoodandworthreadingasecondtime.(程度副词,"非常地”,做状语。)Heistheverymanforthejob・(形容词,"恰恰是;正是”等表示强调的意思,只能做前置定语。)Heplayedtheinstrumentsowellthathewonfirst
7、prize・(副词,“女了t也”)He^lgetwellsoon.(形容词,“身体好的;健康的”,只能作表语。)Weusedtogetourwaterfromawell.(名词,“井;水井;油井;气井)Withtearswellinginhiseyes,shewentaway.(动词,“(液体)流出;涌出”)1.介i司(preposition-^prep.)英语屮的介词不能单独使用,通常跟后面的宾语构成介词短语,一起做句子的状语、定语、表语、补足语。F11putmynameonthebackoftheenvelope.(土也点状
8、语)Shedidn'trememberthenameonthebackoftheenvelope・(后置定语)Hewasonholidayatthetime.(表语、时间状语)Helefthiskeysinthedormitory.(宾语补足语)1.连词(con