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1、HydraulicsystemandPeumaticSystemHui-xiongwan,JunFanAbstract:Hydraulicsystemiswidelyusedinindustry,suchasstamping,grindingofsteeltypeworkandgeneralprocessingindustries,agriculture,mining,spacetechnology,deepseaexploration,transportation,marinetechnology,offshoregasandoilexplorationindustries,inshort
2、,Fewpeopleintheirdailylivesdonotgetcertainbenefitsfromthehydraulictechnology.Successfulandwidelyusedinthehydraulicsystem'ssecretliesinitsversatilityandeaseofmaneuverability.Hydraulicpowertransmissionmechanicalsystemsasbeingnotlikethemachinegeometryconstraints,Inaddition,thehydraulicsystemdoesnotlik
3、etheelectricalsystem,asconstrainedbythephysicalpropertiesofmaterials,itpassedalmostnoamountofpowerconstraints.Keywords:Hydraulicsystem,Pressuresystem,FluidThehistoryofhydraulicpowerisalongone,datingfromman’sprehistoriceffortstoharnesstheenergyintheworldaroundhim.Theonlysourcereadilyavailablewerethe
4、waterandthewind—twofreeandmovingstreams.Thewatermill,thefirsthydraulicmotor,wasanearlyinvention.OneispicturedonamosaticattheGreatPalaceinByzantium,datingfromtheearlyfifthcentury.ThemillhadbeenbuiltbytheRomans.Butthefirstrecordofawatermillgoesbackevenfurther,toaround100BC,andtheoriginsmayindeedhaveb
5、eenmuchearlier.Thedomesticationofgrainbegansome5000yearsbeforeandsomeenterprisingfarmerisboundtohavebecometiredofpoundingorgrindingthegrainbyhand.Perhaps,infact,theinventorweresomefarmer’swives.Sincetheoftendrewtheheavyjobs.Fluidisasubstancewhichmayflow;thatis,itsconstituentparticlesmaycontinuously
6、changetheirpositionsrelativetooneanother.Moreover,itoffersnolastingresistancetothedisplacement,howevergreat,ofonelayeroveranother.Thismeansthat,ifthefluidisatrest,noshearforce(thatisaforcetangentialtothesurfaceonwhichitacts)canexistinit.FluidmaybeclassifiedasNewtonianornon--Newtonian.InNewtonianflu
7、idthereisalinearrelationbetweenthemagnitudeofappliedshearstressesandtheresultingrateofangulardeformation.Innon—Newtonianfluidthereisanonlinearrelationbetweenthemagnitudeofappliedshearstressandtherateofangul
