the elements of style

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1、WilliamStrunk,Jr.TheElementsofStyleNEWYORK1918ContentsPREFACEIIIIINTRODUCTORY1IIELEMENTARYRULESOFUSAGE31.Formthepossessivesingularofnounswith's.................32.Inaseriesofthreeormoretermswithasingleconjunction,useacommaaftereachtermexceptthelast.....

2、.....................43.Encloseparentheticexpressionsbetweencommas...............44.Placeacommabeforeandorbutintroducinganindependentclause.......65.Donotjoinindependentclausesbyacomma..................76.Donotbreaksentencesintwo........................

3、.87.Aparticipialphraseatthebeginningofasentencemustrefertothegrammaticalsubject..................................98.Dividewordsatline-ends,inaccordancewiththeirformationandpronunciation.10IIIELEMENTARYPRINCIPLESOFCOMPOSITION139.Maketheparagraphtheunitof

4、composition:oneparagraphtoeachtopic....1310.Asarule,begineachparagraphwithatopicsentence;enditinconformitywiththebeginning...............................1511.Usetheactivevoice.............................1812.Putstatementsinpositiveform.................

5、.......2013.Omitneedlesswords.............................2114.Avoidasuccessionofloosesentences....................2315.Expressco-ordinateideasinsimilarform...................2416.Keeprelatedwordstogether.........................2517.Insummaries,keeptoo

6、netense.......................2718.Placetheemphaticwordsofasentenceattheend...............28IVAFEWMATTERSOFFORM31VWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSCOMMONLYMISUSED35VIWORDSOFTENMISSPELLED45iiiCONTENTSPREFACEAssertingthatonemustfirstknowtherulestobreakthem,thisclassicre

7、ferenceisamust-haveforanystudentandconscientiouswriter.Intendedforuseinwhichthepracticeofcompositioniscombinedwiththestudyofliterature,itgivesinbriefspacetheprincipalrequirementsofplainEnglishstyleandconcentratesattentionontherulesofusageandprinciplesof

8、compositionmostcommonlyviolated.iiiivPREFACEChapterIINTRODUCTORYThisbookisintendedforuseinEnglishcoursesinwhichthepracticeofcompositioniscombinedwiththestudyofliterature.ItaimstogiveinbriefspacetheprincipalrequirementsofplainEngl