The.Elements.of.Style.pdf

《The.Elements.of.Style.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、FOREWORDbyRogerAngell...Ylll[TRODUCTIONtothe;31"11editionbyE.B.White.................xnI.ELEMENTARYRULESOFUSAGE.l.Formthepossessivesingularofnounsbyadding's.2.Inaseriesofthreeormoretermswithasingleconjunction,useacommaaftereachtermexceptthelast..;3.Encloseparentheticexpre

2、ssionsbetweencommas....;~4.Placeacommabeforeaconjunctionintroducinganindependentclause..II5.DonotjoinindependentclauseswithacommaII6.Donotbreaksentencesintwo]27.Useacolonafteranindependentclausetointroducealistofparticulars,anappositive,anamplification,oranillustrativequot

3、ation.......158.Useadashtosetoffanabruptbreakorinterruptionandtoannouncealongappositiveorsummary169.Thenumberofthesubjectdeterminesthenumbertheverb....1810.Usethepropercaseofpronoun......2111.Aparticipialphraseatthebeginningofasentencemustrefertothegrammaticalsubject..24vI

4、CONTENTSII.ELEMENTARYPRINCIPLESOFCOMPOSITION.....3112.Chooseasuitabledesignandholdtoit.3113.Maketheparagraphtheunitofcomposition3114.Usetheactivevoice..3315.Putstatementsinpositiveform..3416.Usedefinite,specific,concretelanguage..3717.Omitneedlesswords..3918.Avoidasuccessi

5、onofloosesentences..4019.Expresscoordinateideasinsimilarform4320.Keeprelatedwordstogether4421.Insummaries,keeptoonetense..4922.Placetheemphaticwordsofasentenceattheend52III.AFEWMATTERSOFFORM55IV.WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSCOMMONLYMISUSED63V.ANAPPROACHTOSTYLE(withaListofReminders)9

6、71.Placeyourselfinthebackground1002.Writeinawaythatcomesnaturally1013.Workfromasuitabledesign...1014.Writewithnounsandverbs..1055.Reviseandrewrite....1056.Donotoverwrite1057.Donotoverstate1068.Avoidtheuseofqualifiers..1069.Donotaffectabreezymanner..10610.Useorthodoxspellin

7、g..10811.Donotexplaintoomuch...109CONTI-:NTSIvi12.Donotconstructawkwardadverbs..10913.Makesurethereaderknowswhoisspeaking.III14.Avoidfancywords....11115.Donotusedialectunlessyourearisgood."11:316.Beclear..11:317.Donotinjectopinion11418.Usefiguresofspeechsparingly11519.Dono

8、ttakeshortcutsatthecostofclarity11520.Avoidforeignlanguages.'11521.Preferthestandardtothe