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1、PHILOSOPHY,PSYCHOLOGY,ANDPSYCHOLOGISMPHILOSOPHICALSTUDIESSERIESVOLUME91FoundedbyWilfridS.SellarsandKeithLehrerEditorKeithLehrer,UniversityofArizona,TucsonAssociateEditorStewartCohen,ArizonaStateUniversity,TempeBoardofConsultingEditorsLynneRudderBaker,UniversityofMassachusettsatAmherstRaduBogdan,Tu
2、laneUniversity,NewOrleansMarianDavid,UniversityofNotreDameAllanGibbard,UniversityofMichiganDeniseMeyerson,MacquarieUniversityFrançoisRecanati,InstitutJean-Nicod,EHESS,ParisStuartSilvers,ClemsonUniversityBarrySmith,StateUniversityofNewYorkatBuffaloNicholasD.Smith,Lewis&ClarkCollegeThetitlespublishe
3、dinthisseriesarelistedattheendofthisvolume.PHILOSOPHY,PSYCHOLOGY,ANDPSYCHOLOGISMCriticalandHistoricalReadingsonthePsychologicalTurninPhilosophyEditedbyDALEJACQUETTEThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity,UniversityPark,PA,U.S.A.KLUWERACADEMICPUBLISHERSNEWYORK,BOSTON,DORDRECHT,LONDON,MOSCOWeBookISBN:0-306-4
4、8134-0PrintISBN:1-4020-1337-X©2003KluwerAcademicPublishersNewYork,Boston,Dordrecht,London,MoscowPrint©2003KluwerAcademicPublishersDordrechtAllrightsreservedNopartofthiseBookmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,recording,orotherwise,withoutwrittenconsentfromthePub
5、lisherCreatedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaVisitKluwerOnlineat:http://kluweronline.comandKluwer'seBookstoreat:http://ebooks.kluweronline.comThatwhichrendersLogicpossibleistheexistenceinourmindsofgeneralnotions,—ourabilitytoconceiveofaclass,andtodesignateitsindividualmembersbyacommonname...Asuccessfula
6、ttempttoexpresslogicalpropositionsbysymbols...shouldbefoundeduponthelawsofthementalprocesseswhichtheyrepresent...—GeorgeBoole,AMathematicalAnalysisofLogic,1847Nodescriptionof...mentalprocesseswhichprecedetheformingofajudgementofnumber...canevertaketheplaceofagenuinedefinitionoftheconcept.Itcanneve
7、rbeadducedinproofofanypropositionofarithmetic;itacquaintsuswithnoneofthepropertiesofnumbers.Fornumberisnowhitmoreanobjectofpsychologyoraproductofmentalprocessesthan,letussay,theNorthSeais.TheobjectivityoftheNorth