[高级英语写作教程].[allen,.matthew]smart.thinking[1997]

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1、SMARTTHINKINGForJaneandVerity(asever)SMARTTHINKINGSKILLSFORCRITICALUNDERSTANDINGANDWRITINGSecondEditionMATTHEWALLENOXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESSOXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESS253NormanbyRoad,SouthMelbourne,Victoria3205,AustraliaOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversi

2、ty'sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandBangkokBuenosAiresCapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiHongKongIstanbulKarachiKolkataKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiSâoPauloShanghaiTaipeiTokyoTorontoOXFORDisatrademarkofOxf

3、ordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesCopyright©MatthewAllen1997,2004Firstpublished1997Reprinted1997,1998,1999,2001Secondeditionpublished2004Thisbookiscopyright.Apartfromanyfairdealingforthepurposesofprivatestudy,research,criticismorreviewaspermittedundertheCopyrightAct,nopar

4、tmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithoutpriorwrittenpermission.EnquiriestobemadetoOxfordUniversityPress.CopyingforeducationalpurposesWherecopiesofpartorthewholeofthebookaremadeunderPartVBof

5、theCopyrightAct,thelawrequiresthatprescribedproceduresbefollowed.Forinformation,contacttheCopyrightAgencyLimited.NationalLibraryofAustraliaCataloguing-in-Publicationdata:Allen,Matthew,1965-.Smartthinking:skillsforcriticalunderstanding&writing.2nded.Bibliography.ISBN0195517334.1.Criticalth

6、inking.2.Englishlanguage-Rhetoric.3.Reasoning(Psychology).4.Thoughtandthinking.I.Title.153.42TypesetbyOUPANZSPrintedthroughBookpacProductionServices,SingaporeContentsPrefacetoFirstEditionviiiPrefacetoSecondEditionixHowtoUsethisBookxi1SmartThinking1Whatissmartthinking?1Howdowestudysmartthi

7、nking?5Whydoweneedto'thinksmart'?72Claims:TheKeyElementsofReasoning9Understandinglanguage10Moreaboutclaims14Claimsandreasoning18Review223Linking:TheKeyProcessinReasoning25Linksbetweenclaims26Theanalyticalstructureofreasoning28Learningmoreabouttheanalyticalstructure3