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1、NorseMythology:AGuidetotheGods,Heroes,Rituals,andBeliefsJohnLindowOXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESSNorseMythologyThispageintentionallyleftblankNorseMythology:AGuidetotheGods,Heroes,Rituals,andBeliefsJohnLindow33OxfordNewYorkAucklandBangkokBuenosAiresCapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiHongKongIstanbulKarachiKolka
2、taKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiSãoPauloShanghaiSingaporeTaipeiTokyoTorontoandanassociatedcompanyinBerlinCopyright©2001byJohnLindowFirstpublishedbyABC-Clio130CremonaDrive,P.O.Box1911SantaBarbara,California93116-1911FirstissuedasanOxfordUniversityPresspaperback,2002198MadisonAve
3、nue,NewYork,NewYork10016www.oup.comOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUni
4、versityPressLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataLindow,John.[HandbookofNorsemythology]Norsemythology:aguidetotheGods,heroes,rituals,andbeliefs/byJohnLindow.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-19-515382-0(pbk.:alk.paper)1.Mythology,Norse.I.Title.BL860.L562001293'.13—dc21
5、200105837010987654321PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperCONTENTSANoteonOrthography,xv1Introduction,1TheHistoricalBackground,2TheIndo-EuropeanBackground,30Cult,Worship,andSacrifice,33TheImportanceofScandinavianMythology,362Time,39TheNatureofMythicTime,39MythicPast,Present,andFuture,4
6、0CyclicalTime,42TimeandSpace,43Myth,Narrative,andLanguage,44MythandHistory,453Deities,Themes,andConcepts,47Ægir,47Ægir’sDaughters,49Æsir,49Æsir-VanirWar,51Álfablót,53Álfheim(Elf-land),54Alfödr(All-father),55Almáttkiáss,55Alvíssmál,56Andhrímnir(Sooty-in-front),58Andlang,58Andvari(Careful),58Angrbo
7、da(She-who-offers-sorrow),59vviContentsÁrvakandAlsvin(Early-awakeandVery-swift),59Ása-Thor(Thor-of-the-æsir),61Ás-Brú(Æsir-bridge),61Ásgard(Enclosure-of-the-æsir),61Ask(Ash-tree)andEmbla,62Atla,63Audhumla,63Aurboda(Gra
