从社会语言学角度分析美国俚语10

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1、从社会语言学角度分析美国俚语一．Definitionsofslangs二．CharacteristicsofAmericanslangs三．Socialanalysisofslangsfromtheperspectiveofgender,age,occupationandsocialsettingstouseslang四．Socialfunctionsofslang五．Socialreasonsfortheuseofslang1.IntroductionTostudyslangscientifically,wecantaketheanthropologicaltraditio

2、nofculturalrelativism.“AccordingtoBryjakandSoroka(1994:57),‘culturalrelativismisthebeliefthatthereisnouniversalstandardofgoodandbadorrightandwrongandthatanaspectofanygivenculturecanbejudgedonlywithinitsowncontext.’Culturalrelativistsappeartosuggestthatallculturesorinstitutionsareequallyvali

3、dorfittingandtendtoassumethatthemerepresenceofaculturaltraitwarrantsourvaluingit”(LinDajing,1997).俚语作为语言的一种，引起特殊性发挥着自己独特的作用，然而很多人并未对俚语有正确的认识，很多人把俚语作为地俗语对待，笔者认为，语言作为一种社会现象，尤其存在的合理性，从社会语言学的角度讲，任何语言种类都是平等的，没有层级之分。本文将从社会语言学的角度对俚语这一语言特殊现象做一粗浅分析，希望能是大家改变对俚语的歧视态度。俚语常被定义为粗俗的语言，这种语言有其特定的使用群体，虽然使用者大多

4、为知识水平不高的人群，但不能因此就对此语言有贬低，正是基于此观点，本文进行了如下分析。1.Definitionofslang2.1definitionsDuringthehistoryoflanguagedevelopment,people’sattitudestowardslanghavechangedalot.In1828Websterdefineditas“low,vulgar,unmeaninglanguage.”Slangisveryinformallanguagethatincludesnewandsomethingnotpolitewordsandmeaning

5、sandisoftenusedamongparticulargroupsofpeople,andisusuallynotusedinseriousspeechorwring(LongmandictionaryofEnglishLanguageandCulture2004).OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionarydefinesslangas“veryinformalwords,phrases,etccommonlyusedinspeech,espbetweenpeoplefromthesamesocialgrouporw

6、howorktogether,notconsideredsuitableforformalcontextsandoftennotinuseforlong.”Fromthesethreedefinitions,wecanseethatinthepastslangsufferedabusefrompeopleandnowadaysthisdiscriminationhasdisappearedandisregardedasinformalandhighlycolloquiallanguage.1.2attitudesSlangisacknowledgedtobeoneofthem

7、ostactiveandsensitivepartsoflanguageandaneffectiveweaponincommunication.However,theattitudestowardslangareverycontradictoryamongcommonpeopleandespeciallyscholars.Thiscanbedetectedfromtheabovethreedefinitionsofslang.(qtd.inPartridge1954:7,3)canalsoreflect