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1、哥特小说和艾米丽的《呼啸山庄》【关键词】 《呼啸山庄》；艾米莉?勃朗特；哥特手法Ⅰ.IntroductionGothicisapopulartopicinliteratureintermsofaliterarygenre,andsoaretheworks,whichreceivedandarereceivingcriticsallthetime.ThewordGothicisoriginallythenameofaGermanictribelivinginnorthernEuropeinthethirdcenturywhichsackedRomeandalsoravage
2、dtherestofEuropeinthethird,fourth,andfifthcenturies.Forthisreasonthetribewasdescribedtobecruel,rude,andviciousbytheRomans.Thenonethousandyearslater,thetermappliedtoastyleofmedievalarchitecture (Gothicarchitecture)andart (Gothicart).TheGothicarchitecturesaremainlychurchesandcastleswithhigh
3、pointedroof,thickwalls,narrowwindows,andcoloredglass.Withtheinfluenceofrenaissance,thewordgotthemeaningofsavagery,remoteness,anddarkness.Intheeighteenthcentury,theterm “Gothic”cametobeappliedtotheliterarygenrepreciselybecausethegenredealtwithsuchemotionalextremesandverydarkthemes,andbecau
4、seitfounditsmostnaturalsettingsinthebuildingsofthisstyle —castles,mansions,andmonasteries,oftenremote,crumbling,andruined.Itwasafascinationwiththisarchitectureanditsrelatedart,poetry,andevenlandscapegardeningthatinspiredthefirstwaveofGothicnovelists.GothicliteraturegrewpopularintheVictori
5、anera.Thoughinsomenovels,Gothicplayeditselfoutanddeclinedintocheaphorror,inmanyways,itisatthattimethatGothicentereditsmostcreativephase.Inmanynovels,Gothicisused,suchasTheTaleofTwoCities,writtenbyDickens,JaneEyre,writtenbyCharlotteBronte,etc.Gothicprovidesreadersanappreciationofthejoysofe
6、xtremeemotion,thethrilloffearfulnessandaweinherentinthesublimity,andaquestforatmosphere. WutheringHeightsisEmilyBronte’sonlynovel.Itwasfirstpublishedin1847underthepseudonymEllisBell,andaposthumoussecondeditionwaseditedbyhersisterCharlotte.ThenameofthenovelcomesfromtheYorkshiremanoronthemo
7、orsonwhichthestorycenters.Thenarratortellsthetaleoftheallencompassingandpassionate,yetthwartedlovebetweenHeathcliffandCatherineEarnshaw,andhowthisunresolvedpassioneventuallydestroysboththemselvesandmanyaroundthem.Atthedebutofthenovel,itsreceptiontothepublicwasoverwh
