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1、Grammar:动词不定式一.不定式的五种基本形式主动被动一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing不定式的否定形式:nottodo/nottohavedone/nottobedoing/nottobedone/nottohavebeendone不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式①不定式的进行式由tobe+V-ing构成,用来表示谓语动词动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行。eg.Somestudentspretended____________
2、(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.②不定式完成式由tohave+V-ed构成,用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。eg.---IsBobstillperforming?---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid__________(leave)thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.③不定式的被动式分为一般式被动tobeV-ed和完成式被动tohavebeenV-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式要用被
3、动语态。eg.Itisanhonourforme_____________(invite)totheparty.Thebookissaid_______________________(translate)intomanylanguages.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastoberece
4、iving二.不定式句法功能1.作主语:Tofindatruefriendisdifficult.不定式短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首,但在很多情况下,尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中,往往放在谓语之后,而用先行代词it作形式主语Itisdifficulttofindatruefriend.Isitdifficulttofindatruefriend?Howdifficultitistofindatruefriend!不定式作主语常见句型:a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult
5、…)+todosth.b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame)+todosth.eg.It’sapleasuretogoshoppingatweekends.c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,months,days,patience…)+todosth.eg.Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.2.作表语:当句子的主语是aim,idea,policy,question,sugge
6、stion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时,后面可以用不定式做表语,用以说明主语所包含内容。eg.Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.注:作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有实义动词do时,to可以省略。eg.Theonlythingwecandonowiswaitandsee.3.作宾语Theteachersaid“Remembertobringthebooktomorrow!”a)可以直接用不定式作宾
7、语的动词很多,常见的有:agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish等当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+todo句式,常用动词有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。如:Hefeelsithisdutytohelpt
8、hepoor.Ithinkitdifficulttofindatruefriend.b)不定式一般不作介词的宾语,只有少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to,如果but或except前面有do,does,did,todo时,通常省略to。eg.Thebushadn’tcome.Wehadnochoicebuttowait.=Wecoulddonothingbutwait.4.宾语补足语在