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高一英语备课组预习学案（4）预习目标：掌握名词性从句的用法.预习自测：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句(划出句子中的名词性从句)1Thathewillsucceediscertain.2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3Whathesaidisnottrue.4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5Whoevercomesiswelcome.6Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.7Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey’llstarttheproject.常见句型：It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道……Itseems/appears/happensthat…似乎/好像/碰巧......It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布……It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑……It’sapity/afact/commonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying(俗话说)that…指出句子中连词的作用。Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.二、宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)连接词：that,whether,if(that常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow注意：1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，A.当whether后紧跟or/ornot时,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.B.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings 2.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.3.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.三、表语从句：Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.归纳：表语从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后。作用:对主语进行解释说明。连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/because四、同位语从句：1）Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect(视察)them.3)SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.归纳：同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。1.同位语从句的格式：n.+连接词+从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact,idea,news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。在空格处填上适当的连词：1.Ihavenoidea_______hecomesfrom.2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_____hegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_______weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4.Ihavenodoubt______hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.合并句子：1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.→___________________________________________________________________________2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight→___________________________________________________________________________3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.→___________________________________________________________________________4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.→___________________________________________________________________________ 5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.→_________________________________________________________________________说明：名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为should+do,should可省略HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.用适当的连接词填空。(what,that,who,whom,whose,which,how,when,where,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever,whether,why,because)1.________hesaidhasnothingtodowiththistask.2.________breaksthelawdeservesafine.3.Take_______muchyouwantwheneveryouwantto.4.Thequestionremains_______weshouldaccepttheirinvitation.5.Freemovieticketswillbesentto_______comefirst.6.Sheisindoubt________sheacceptsyouradvice.7.Idon'tdoubt________he'llcome.8.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.9.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.10.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.当场训练：1.Evidencecameup_____specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when2.Ihaven’tdecided_____hoteltostayat.A.whichB.whatC.atwhichD.where3.______surprisesmostofus.A.WolvesareafraidofusB.ThefactthatwolvesafraidmenC.ThefactthatwolvesareafraidofmenD.Wolves’afraidofmen4.Theannouncement______allflightwerecancelledbecauseofbadweathergreatlydistressedthewaitingpassengers.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.ofwhich5.Thequestionis______canbeputintopractice.A.howyouhavelearnedB.howwhatyouhavelearnedC.thatwhyyouhavelearnedD.howthatyouhavelearned6.Ahingejointis_______permitstheforwardsandbackwardmovementofadoor.A.thatB.whatC.thoseD.which7.OnereasonwhyHamletissuchasuccessfulplayisthat_______.A.itappealsdifferentlytopeopleB.differentpeopleareappealed C.itappealstomanydifferentpeopleD.peoplefinditappealingtothemverymuch8.Amoreimportantquestionis______theseideasarewellorillfounded.A.whereB.whenC.howD.whether9.Ithinkitis_____youaredoingtoomuch.A.becauseofB.becauseC.becausethatD.becausefor10.Noonecouldunderstand_______.A.thathewastalkingaboutB.whathewastalkingaboutC.hewastalkingaboutD.whichhewastalking
