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毕业论文（设计）毕业论文（设计）课题名称大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪理性情绪行为疗法研究学院佳木斯大学专业应用心理学班级指导教师学生姓名针对大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪理性情绪行为疗法theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）研究theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）目录摘要IABSTRACTII引 言1一、研究的目的和意义1（一）研究的目的1（二）研究的意义2二、抑郁和焦虑的研究历史及理论界定2(一）抑郁和焦虑的研究历史2（二）抑郁的理论界定3（三）焦虑的理论界定4三、大学生心理障碍人群结构和特点5（一）大学生心理障碍的人群结构5（二）大学生心理障碍的人群特点6四、大学生抑郁、焦虑的影响因素6（一）家庭因素6（二）社会因素7（三）情感因素7（四）其他综合因素7五、理性情绪行为疗法概述8（一）理性情绪行为疗法基础理论8（二）理性情绪行为疗法的基本步骤和方法10（三）理性情绪疗法的应用11六、运用理性情绪疗法矫正大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪12（一）共情矫正12（三）环境影响13（四）自我矫正13结论15注释16参考文献17致谢19theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）摘要随着社会的飞速发展，人们的生活节奏日益加快，竞争逐渐激烈，承担着巨大压力的大学生群体，在学业、生活、情感、就业多重大山的压迫下，焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪愈加突出。而情绪包含神经生理、表情行为和情感体验三个子系统，它们相互作用，并与情绪系统以外的认知和行为等人格子系统相联系，实现情绪和其他系统的相互作用。对不良情绪行为的研究兼有心理学和医学的特点，是研究和解决大学生人群在健康或患病，以及二者相互转化过程中的一些心理问题。研究的最终任务是将一部分心理学的知识和方法应用于医疗实践，探讨和解决医学领域中的相应的心理学问题，并希望通过对医疗实际课题的探讨推动与之对应的心理学基础理论研究。同时对不良情绪行为的研究也将为医学的理论研究、临床实践提供合理的治疗方法和保健措施。因此本文根据现有的心理学理论基础与方法，结合相应的调查数据探索、解密，阐述了大学生亚健康心理状态的影响因素、基本特点及临床表现。通过对大学生焦虑抑郁不良情绪的基本内容的了解，进一步探讨了理性情绪行为疗法及其ABCD理论在预防和治疗大学生焦虑抑郁情绪方面的应用，并对其应用发展进行了展望。希望研究理论中的内容对正确引导大学生的心理发展有所帮助。关键词：情绪发展理论；情绪行为疗法；ABC理论theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）AbstractWith the rapid development of society, people increasingly accelerated pace of life, the competition has intensified, bear the enormous pressure of the student population in the school, life, emotion, employment and more significant mountains of oppression, anxiety, depression and other negative emotions become more prominent. The mood contains neurophysiological, behavioral and emotional experience expression of three subsystems, which interact and outside the system and emotional cognition and behavior associated subsystems such as personality, emotions and other systems to achieve interaction. Adverse emotional behavior of both psychology and medical characteristics of the study and solve the college crowd in health or illness, as well as the two mutual transformation process of some psychological problems. The ultimate task is part of the psychological knowledge and methods used in medical practice, explore and solve the medical field in the corresponding psychological problems and hopes to explore the topic of medical actual push the corresponding basic theoretical research psychology . While negative emotions will also study the behavior of the theory of medical research, clinical practice to provide a reasonable method of treatment and health care measures.This article was based on the existing foundations and methods of psychological theory, combined with the corresponding survey data exploration, decryption, elaborated psychological sub-health state college factors, the basic characteristics and clinical manifestations. Through bad mood Anxiety Depression basic understanding of the content, to further explore the rational emotive behavior therapy and its ABCD theory in the prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression aspects of college applications, and its application development prospect. Wishing to study the contents of the correct theory to guide the development of students' mental help.Keywords：Emotionaldevelopmenttheory；Emotivebehaviortherapy；ABCtheorytheirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）引 言对于当今大学生来说，面临着全新的挑战，那就是互联网技术在给我们带来便利的同时也带动了知识的高速度更新，技术的高淘汰率。而对于我们来说面临着学习方式的大革命、大更新。在面对如此大的心理压力与挑战的情况下，心理疾病与情绪异常所引起的刑事与非刑事的犯罪正在年轻化。在众多心理问题中抑郁、焦虑的病症拥有更为广大的发病率。根据调查发现，一般大学生在心理上出现焦虑或者抑郁情绪后就会产生相应病感，而病感与疾病不一定是完全相称的，有时候可能被夸大或缩小。这一系列的认识有助于对病人更为全面的了解自身身体健康状况和心理状态。现代医学以往过分强调个体躯体的健康和疾病，较少注意心理的健康和疾病。可以说，现在的在校大学生和刚毕业进入社会的青年人都处于一种普遍的亚健康状态，多多少少都会存在一定的抑郁或者焦虑的问题。所以运用情绪调控分析和理性情绪行为疗法，引导和治疗大学生普遍的心理和情绪问题的研究有着很大的实践意义。一、研究的目的和意义人本身就不是一个单纯的生物有机体，而是一个有思想、有感情、从事着劳动并且过着社会生活的社会成员。而大学生作为一个相对特殊的群体他们在面临着更为激烈的竞争和挑战，他们不仅需要完成从学生身份到社会成员之间角色的转换，还要逐渐承担起自己、家庭乃至社会的责任。现在预防抑郁和焦虑情绪已成为高校心理教育工作中一项重要的任务。而已有的研究表明人的身体状况和心理的健康，不仅与自身的身体因素有关，而且也与人的心理状态和社会因素有着密切的联系。 （一）研究的目的 治疗目标是帮助青少年在大学阶段认清并改变导致情绪和行为困扰的非理性信念，建立合乎逻辑的理性信念，也就是要青少年学会接受现实不过分苛求自己以及周围的人和事，更加充分的发现自我、实现自我，获得更快乐的人生。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）（二）研究的意义 通过研究人情绪认知，情绪控制等，来适当驾驭情绪，了解心理引导调节的作用方式、途径与机制，结合对大学生抑郁、焦虑结构及发展特点、影响因素等问题进行综合研究和分析，在已有文献资料的分析和理论研究的基础上，通过一系列的研究探讨了抑郁、焦虑的预防和干预策略，改变以往只是从临床角度关注个体且重在治疗的状况，突出强调在正常人群中注重“心理引导与心理重塑”的策略，或作为身心疾病的治疗手段，在促进大学生心理的健康发展并以一颗更为强大的内心面对现实生活中的挑战上具有重要的现实意义。当代大学生在情绪发展中,发展了什么，向什么方向发展是当代情绪心理学争论的焦点之一,也是我们全面地理解情绪发展的性质所必须思考的问题。当代的情绪发展理论,对情绪的定义、情绪发展的实质、情绪在个体发展中的作用等问题有着不同的看法,形成了很多不同的情绪发展观。在这些现有的理论基础上结合临床实践经验，在对大学生现有的压力和部分学生的心态分析，针对大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪尝试用一种理性情绪行为疗法对青少年在大学阶段的非积极的心理状态达到一定的临床治疗效果。 二、抑郁和焦虑的研究历史及理论界定 (一）抑郁和焦虑的研究历史自公元前,西方医学界就有很多对于我们现在称为“病理性情绪”的相关描述和记载。直到19世纪中叶以后,对抑郁症的临床观察与科学研究才逐渐展开。法国精神病学家JadesBailLarger(1854)描述了一些呈深度抑郁并陷入“木僵”状态的病例,即经典的“抑郁性木僵”[1]。几乎同时,另一位法国医生JulesFalter描述了一组抑郁和躁狂交替表现的临床现象,称之为“循环型障碍(circulardisorder—lafoliecirculaire)”[2]theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）。而Kahibaum(1882)首先提出：躁狂和抑郁是同一疾病不同阶段的两种表现,提出了环性精神障碍。Kraepelin(1896)则用躁狂抑郁性精神病的概念来概括这类障碍,将之视为一个疾病单元,并根据结局是否出现痴呆而与早发性痴呆相鉴别。Bleuler（1951）采用情感性精神病这一术语,使其涵盖更广、适用性更强,并一直沿用至今。精神病学家Klerman(1978)曾称,人生中总会有一段时间生活在抑郁之中。抑郁心境是一种忧伤、悲哀或沮丧的情绪体验。这种体验不仅普遍存在,而且与许多其他精神障碍、躯体疾病,特别是社会和外部环境因素有关。但抑郁心境体验并不等于抑郁症,抑郁症是一组症状群,是与潜在的生物异常有关的症状和体征组成的,只有抑郁心境发展到一定严重程度,具备这组综合征的基本特征,持续存在相当的时间,且严重损害自身的社会职业功能,才能考虑抑郁症的诊断。 （二）抑郁的理论界定 当前抑郁症比较公认的概念如下:抑郁症或称抑郁障碍(depressivedisorder)是由各种原因引起的以抑郁(depression)为主要症状的一组心境障碍(mooddisorder)或情感性障碍(affectivedisorder),是一组以抑郁心境自我体验为中心的临床症状群或状态。抑郁症状是一种精神类病症，属于心理异常的一种，它的病症可以从病人的言谈举止、表情、姿势中反映出来。抑郁症是一种心境障碍，抑郁发作的表现包括：抑郁心境，思维困难，欲死亡或自杀的想法等。它与一般的“不高兴”有着本质区别，根本不能混为一谈，它有明显的特征，综合起来主要有三种主要症状：情绪低落、思维迟缓和运动抑制。很多患者只具备其中的一点或两点，严重程度也因人而异。同时心情压抑、焦虑、兴趣丧失、精力不足、悲观失望、自我评价过低等，都是抑郁症的常见症状。有专家表示：抑郁症患者一般都不会主动去医院接受治疗，因为他并不感觉自己得了抑郁症，觉得根本不需要治疗，而家属又对于抑郁症知识比较缺乏，这样就导致抑郁症肆无忌惮的发展，以至于到了无法挽回的地步。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计） 抑郁症典型症状表现：抑郁心境程度不同，可从轻度心境不佳到忧伤、悲观、绝望。病人感到心情沉重，生活没意思，高兴不起来，郁郁寡欢，度日如年，痛苦难熬；病人呈显著、持续抑郁状态，注意力集中困难、记忆力减退、脑子迟钝、思路闭塞、行动迟缓，或者,有些病人则表现为不安、焦虑、紧张；丧失兴趣、精力丧失，疲乏无力，洗漱、着衣等生活小事困难费劲，力不从心；消极悲观、自我评价过低：病人往往过分贬低自己的能力，会感到强烈的自责、内疚、绝望、无价值感、无助感，感到生活是负担，严重时可出现自罪、疑病观念，甚至自杀念头和行为；躯体或生物学症状;抑郁病人常有食欲减退、体重减轻、睡眠障碍、性功能低下和心境昼夜波动等生物学症状很常见，但并非每例都出现。 抑郁症的发病受很多因素影响，由于焦急、抑郁可作为疾病本身的症状存在，这是疾病因素。自身因素，是指性格、性别、年龄、既往疾病历史、家族史、文化程度等均对情绪认知与发展产生影响。生存环境、长期工作的环境对个人情绪心态的影响称为环境因素。抑郁症患者常伴有顽固性睡眠障碍，睡眠节律紊乱、睡眠质量差的发生率高达98%，表现为失眠、入睡困难、早醒等形式。除此之外抑郁症患者身体功能逐渐变差，丧失一定的劳动力[3]。一项历经40年的研究发现，这种疾病导致身体部分功能失调而引起的死亡率，同癌症、心脏病和糖尿病人的死亡率一样高，抑郁症者患心脏病的危险性增加2倍，遭遇中风的概率增加3倍。 （三）焦虑的理论界定 和抑郁症相比较，焦虑症是以持续的显著紧张不安，伴有自主神经功能兴奋和过分警觉为特征的一种慢性焦虑障碍。而抑郁性焦虑症是指长期的抑郁导致的焦虑症的出现，一般是由于抑郁和焦虑症的综合的表现，对患者的身心健康的危害较严重。焦虑属于神经症，是一种内心紧张不安、预感到似乎将要发生某种不利情况而又难于应付的不愉快情绪。焦虑是一种情绪状态，主观上有恐怖或与恐怖密切相联系的体验，如提心吊胆和不安的情绪。这种情绪指向未来，伴有明显的身体功能障碍。 焦虑障碍患者常具有特征性的外貌，如面肌扭曲、姿势紧张、眉头紧锁并且坐立不安，甚至有不显著的颤抖，皮肤苍白，手心、脚心以及腋窝汗水淋漓等。抑郁焦虑症的表现：经常莫名的紧张、焦虑不安；易激动，对一些小事而大发脾气、耿耿于怀；注意力不集中，记忆力下降；伴发系列躯体症状。如，睡眠障碍，早醒、失眠、多梦;消化道症状，食欲差、恶心、呕吐;还有呼吸困难、冒冷汗、尿频尿急、头晕、心悸等等。 诱发焦虑的诱因有很多，在焦虑障碍中，遗传是一个重要的易患因素；此外童年经历通常被认为是广泛性焦虑障碍的易患因素之一，还有比较重要的一点就是人格，焦虑障碍与焦虑性人格相关，因为不同的人格特征对应激事件的应对方式就会有很大的不同。当生活中发生有威胁性的事件如人际关系问题、身体疾病以及工作问题，焦虑的人群面对生活中大多数未知的事物抱有一种“杞人忧天”theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）的心态，经常莫名的被一种紧张困扰，紧绷的精神状态常使患者持续亢奋或者过度疲劳等。从事竞争比较激烈工作的人也容易“沾染”上焦虑的情绪，因为激烈的竞争带来巨大的压力，带来精神上的高压，致使情绪失调。患有焦虑情绪的人群常常伴有一定的强迫症与妄想症，如果周围的人或者事物没有按照自己的意愿发展的时候就会过度的失望甚至抓狂，过分的希望所有一切按照自己的节奏发展，看待事物狭隘且极端。这种情绪除了会带给患者情绪上的负担之外很有可能会影响人的人格发展。 抑郁焦虑症在生活中的发病率很高，只是它们的轻重程度不同而已。有的患者能够轻易地摆脱抑郁焦虑症的困扰，然而有的人却深受它的百般折磨，痛苦不堪。面对这样的疾病早期的治疗十分的重要，严重的患者可以选择心理医生和药物的综合的治疗。 焦虑症和抑郁症有时很难区别，已有研究发现，重性抑郁症病人很多有焦虑症状，焦虑障碍病人很多有抑郁症状。三、大学生心理障碍人群结构和特点 （一）大学生心理障碍的人群结构 相关调查显示心理障碍或精神疾病在大学生心理障碍人群中的结构和特点比较鲜明且具有一定的特点。由于心理障碍或精神疾病导致休学、退学人数占患病总人数的30%左右。其中抑郁症占12％而抑郁症已成为大学生自杀的首要原因。全球疾病负担合作研究(1996)发现,抑郁症已经成为当今世界最危害人类健康的疾病之一,预计到2020年,抑郁症将跃升至危害人类健康疾病的第二位,占全球疾病负担的15%。美国(1994)4%的医疗费用于治疗抑郁障碍,高达430亿美元。抑郁症已经成为一个全球性公共卫生问题。2006年12月北京市团市委和北京市学联发布了《首都大学生发展报告》,该报告公布了2006年9月份的一项调研数据,估算北京地区大学生抑郁症患病率达到了23.66%，全国大学生自杀事件有加速增长趋势。有关研究结果表明，28.2%和13.7%的大学生有明显的抑郁和焦虑症状[4]。大学生CES-D评分为34.69±9.95，SAS评分为29.93±9.95，且女性显著高于男生[5]。女性因心思细密，对世界的体验更敏感，一些小的挫折容易被夸大，更容易对生活失去信心，是比较靠近抑郁症的一个群体。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计） （二）大学生心理障碍的人群特点 综上所述性格为敏感多疑、多愁善感、好胜心强、性格内向极端者；刚经历了负性事件又没得到及时排解的人群；长期在单调枯燥环境中生活、体质较弱或极少参加体育锻炼的学生、尤其是平时对寒冷比较敏感的人，都是大学生抑郁、焦虑等心理障碍的高发人群。 大学生抑郁症、焦虑等心理障碍的诱发因素有很多。由于大学阶段面临的生活学习环境复杂且多样化，而在大学期间个人需要完成社会角色的转变。在这阶段所需要面临着生活和心理上的巨大蜕变。在这样一个重要的时期可能导致大学生出现心理障碍，由于不容易察觉而忽视相应的发泄、调节、引导和治疗进而诱发抑郁症、焦虑等心理障碍。 四、大学生抑郁、焦虑的影响因素 抑郁、焦虑心理是大学生群体中一种常见的心理障碍和比较普遍的不良情绪表现，是负性情感的增强的表现。抑郁在生活中通常表现为对以前感兴趣的事物缺少兴趣，不愿和人来往，但在外观上对人的态度变化则不明显。严重的抑郁情绪则表现苦闷、悲伤、面带愁容等抑郁症的症状。在认识上自我评价过低，逃避校园的各种活动。在学习上缺少信心及主动性，成绩下降，在身体上出现疲惫感、食欲减退、行动力减少、体重下降及记忆力差，失眠、多梦等。焦虑则多表现为性急，过于追求完美、高节奏、高率效，过分看重细节，情绪多表现为忧心忡忡，甚至偶尔有轻生念头出现。相关调查统计表明，大学生容易存在心理不良反应和适应性障碍，相当数量的在校大学生存在不同程度的心理障碍，有些学生甚至达到非常严重的程度。 （一）家庭因素 家庭因素在性格的形成上不容忽视。自身在性格中存在焦虑、封闭、偏执等精神病性因子，除文化水平较低外，还存在一些家庭因素，如家庭生活阅历、父母教育忽视程度等，自幼家境比较恶劣的人，也是抑郁症高发的人群。因为儿时的一些阴影积淀太深，挥之不去，而且耳濡目染的都是些消极的、不愉快的东西，也成了患抑郁症的“病根”theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）。大学里在生活条件方面，从吃穿乃至言行举止，都与经济条件好的学生有很大的反差，除了学习上的竞争外，还要承受因高额的学费和生活开支而带来的经济方面的压力，导致有些学生因缺乏经济保障而忧郁或者焦虑不安。而家长不同文化程度和教育方式对学生心理的发展、性格的形成有着很大程度的差异。通常情况下文化程度较高的家长，可能更注重于子女教育和子女性格的完善与健康。在教育手段和沟通方式上采取更为合理有效的方式去引导教育子女，使他们可以正确看待成败得失，更为积极的去接受真实的世界。 （二）社会因素大学阶段是成长的重要阶段，其身心尚未发育成熟，外界不良因素容易干扰影响其发展过程而导致一系列的心理问题。大学生进入大学后，面对的是新的环境，它包括学校的软硬件，学校的内部及周边的环境。新的日常活动环境是指宽松与自律并存的学习环境；统一与独立并存的生活环境；多彩与严谨并存的组织环境；新的人际交往环境表现在与老师、父母、社会及网络交往中出现的新特点。这些环境给人生经验不足、思想游移不定、是非观念薄弱、情感比较脆弱的大学生带来较大的心理压力。而面对这些压力，一时较难适应变化了的新环境，不能及时调节自己的失衡，从而导致心理紧张、烦闷、抑郁，甚至出现消极悲观的情绪体验，对人不感激、有敌意，对事物不爱惜，对生活不满意，久而久之势必产生心理障碍。 （三）情感因素有位学者说：“爱有多消魂，就有多伤人”。大学生正值青年期，渴望得到异性的友谊和爱情，恋爱现象逐年增多，但恋爱的成功率却比较低。据某大学调查，90对低年级谈恋爱的学生，到毕业时正式确定关系的仅有17对，占18.8％。由此可见，有许多大学生经受过恋爱挫折，有过失恋的心理体验。由于不能正确对待失恋，有的学生出现了失恋后情绪低沉，精神萎靡不振，丧失自信，产生自卑及强烈的失败感和挫折感，甚至产生轻生的念头。在接受调查的心理问题学生当中，情感问题占很大一部分。 （四）其他综合因素theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）大学校园属人群密集型场所，面对来自不同地域，文化背景、价值观念不尽相同又具有鲜活个性的学子们，人际关系矛盾尤为突出。有相当一部分学生对自己的人际关系不满意，深感人际关系复杂而孤独压抑。在图书馆、自习室、食堂、水房，因抢座、占座、买饭、打水时的加塞而造成人际摩擦屡见不鲜。也有一些学生因缺乏交往的经验、技巧和方法，为找不到真正的知己而烦恼，出现不同程度的人际关系焦虑等均在人际关系中显露出性格内向、孤僻与同学格格不入。另外，个别沉迷于网络交往的网瘾者，也表现出了厌学自闭、情绪低落、精力不足、神情呆滞等抑郁心理症状。比较体弱多病的人也比较敏感，容易对自己能力产生怀疑，也可能滑入抑郁症。五、理性情绪行为疗法概述 （一）理性情绪行为疗法基础理论 理性情绪行为疗法(简称REBT)，又称为理性疗法或理性情绪疗法，为上世纪50年代美国心理治疗师、心理学家AlbertEllis创立，属于认知心理疗法的一种，但同时他也采用行为疗法的一些方法，故也被称之为“认知行为疗法”（CBT）。它强调通过改变求助者的不合理信念来解决情绪困扰及行为问题。其基本理论包括以下三点: １．REBT对人本性的看法 艾利斯认为，人的本性存在趋向于成长和自我实现的积极倾向，但也存在非理性利于生存发展的消极倾向。人既可以是理性的、合理的，又可以是无理性的、不合理的,当人们按照理性去思维，去行动时，他们就会是愉快的,富有精神以及行有成效的人;当人们按照非理性去行动去思维时，就会产生不愉快的情绪体验。正如艾利斯所说“那些持续不断地对我们自己所说的话经常就是,或者就会变成我们的思想和情绪”，人的情绪好坏则直接影响着行为的好坏，因此经常用不合理的思维去面对问题、去行动,就会使这些不合理的信念转化成为内化语言，则会导致无法排除的情绪困扰。所以说，为了能更清楚地了解个体的情绪困扰和不适应行为，就要首先了解个体是如何思想和感受,如何领悟和行动的。2．ABCD理论ABC理论是RET的基础理论，在theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）ABC理论中，A指诱发性事件；B是指个体在遇到诱发事件之后,对该事件的看法、解释和评价，即信念；C是指这事件发生后，个体的情绪及行为结果。通常，人们会认为人的情绪及行为反应是直接由诱发性事件A引起的，即A引起了而C，ABC理论指出：ABC理论指出，诱发性事件A只是引起情绪及行为反应C的间接原因，人们对诱发性事件所持的信念、看法、解释才是引起人的情绪及行为反应C的直接原因。合理的信念会引起人们适当、适度的情绪反应,而不合理的信念则会导致不适当的情绪和行为反应,长此下去将最终导致情绪障碍和各种类型的神经症。因此理性情绪行为疗法强调对不合理信念加以驳斥和辩论，使之转变成合理信念，最终达到新的情绪及行为的治疗效果。这样ABC理论就扩展成为理性情绪行为疗法中典型的A-B-C-D-E治疗模型。3．不合理信念及其特征 埃里斯通过临床观察，总结出日常生活中通常会导致情绪困扰、甚至神经症的11种主要的不合理信念。并分别对其进行了分析。70年代之后,美国心理学家威斯勒(Wessler)则进一步把这些主要的不合理的信，归并为以下3大类：绝对化要求。在各种不合理的信念中是最常见的。对事物的绝对化要求是指个体从自己的意愿出发，认为某一事物必定要发生或不会发生的信念,，该信念常与必须(must)、应该(should)这类词联系在一起。比如“他们必须很好地对待我”，“生活应该是很容易的”等等。过分概括化。这是一种以偏概全的不合理的思维方式的表现。埃里斯曾经说过，过分概括化的不合逻辑,就好像以一本书的封面来判定一本书的好坏一样，过分概括化表现为对自己、对他人两方面的不合理的评价。按照ElliS的观点，以一件事的成败来评价整个人是一种理智上的法西斯主义。他指出人的价值就在于他具有人性。他主张不要去评价整体的人，而应以评价人的行为、行动和表现取而代之。糟糕至极。糟糕至极是指一种认为如果一件不好的事发生将是非常可怕、非常糟糕的，是一场灾难的想法。这种人常在其绝对化要求中认为的必须和应该的事物并不如他们所想的那样发生时,就会感到无法忍受这种现实，就会认为事情发展糟糕透了。而该理论认为，非常不好的事情确实有可能发生，我们也有许多原因不希望他发生，但我们却没有理由说这些事情不该发生。因此，面对这些不好的事情，我们应该努力接受现实，在可能的情况下去改变这种状态，而在不能改变时学会如何在这种状态下生活下去。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计） （二）理性情绪行为疗法的基本步骤和方法 理性情绪行为疗法的治疗过程，不同的人有不同的做法，但大致可分为以下四个步骤： 1．心理诊断阶段 在这一阶段，咨询师的主要任务是与病人建立良好的工作关系，探索病人所关心的问题，将其分类，找出他情绪困扰和行为不适的具体表现，以及与这些反应相对应的发性事件，并对两者之间的不合理信念进行初步分析。 2．领悟阶段 在这一阶段，咨询师应引导求助者达成三种领悟：使他们认识到是信念引起了情绪及行为后果，而不是诱发事件本身；他们因此对自己的情绪和行为反应负有责任；只有改变了不合理信念，才能减轻或消除他们目前存在的各种症状。即找出造成各种障碍的不合理信念。 3．修通阶段 这一阶段的工作是理性情绪行为疗法中最主要的部分，这是和病人存在的不合理信念进行辩论的阶段，以修正、改变求助者不合理信念为中心。咨询师的主要任务是运用情绪技术、行为技术等多种技术与方法，使求助者修正或放弃原有的非理性信念，并代之以合理的信念，从而使症状得以减轻或消除。 4.再教育阶段 咨询师在这一阶段的主要任务是巩固前几个阶段治疗所取得的效果，帮助求助者进一步摆脱原有的不合理信念及思维方式，使新的观念得以强化，从而使求助者在咨询结束之后仍能用学到的东西应对生活中遇到的问题，以便能更好地适应现实生活。综上所述,REBT的整体模型即可以成为ABCDE理论，即:：A(Activatingevents)诱发性事件；B(beliefs)由诱发性事件A所引起的对该事件所持的信念、解释和评价；C(emotionalandtheirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）behavioralConsequences)情绪和行为的后果；D(Disputingirrationalbeliefs)与不合理的信念辩论；E(newemotionalandbehavioralEffects)通过治疗达到新的情绪及行为的治疗效果。 （三）理性情绪疗法的应用 我国很多焦虑、抑郁症患者都还处于采用药物的治疗方法，主要是因为国内对心理健康和焦虑、抑郁症相关知识的不普及，加之专业的心理咨询机构又很少，所以很多患有抑郁症的朋友通常会到医院去看，这就迫使他们不得不接受药物的治疗。一般来说，大多到医院去看病的患者相对来说已比较严重，由于长期负面情绪的累积导致了脑内化学物质的不平衡，进而伴有躯体症状的出现，严重影响正常生活时，才会到医院去看。抗抑郁、抗焦虑的药物对一些具有严重症状患者来说，可以比较快的补充脑内的化学物质，使他们恢复到正常，但从根本上来说，吃药是治标不治本，如果不通过心理调节改变性格中导致心理障碍的缺憾因素，该症状是会反复发作的，所以通过心理方法进行焦虑、抑郁症治疗是非常必要的。大学生抑郁心理的矫治，首先加强心理健康教育。对大学生的心理健康教育是全方位的、自始至终的、由侧重点的教育。除了教师外，环境也是教育者。特别是宽松、融洽的人际环境，不仅影响人的情绪、智力、思想、行为，而且可以使人心情舒畅，激发人的毅力和斗志，促进身体和心理健康。通过思想道德修养课、心理健康教育课教师不仅要传授知识，还要注重健康人格的塑造也是心理教育的主渠道。最重要的是发挥学校心理咨询中心的重要作用。对心理健康档案中每一个问题学生都要给予高度关注结合回访工作的同时。采用理性情绪行为疗法技术是矫治大学生抑郁和焦虑心理的重要手段。鼓励青少年多做积极的自我暗示，热爱生活，宽容、幽默，关心他人，善于倾诉，巧妙遗忘等，都可以使自己创造良好的心境，实现快乐的人生。总之，每个人的情况不同，可能承担生活压力的程度也不同，进行积极的自我身心调适，是防止甚至治疗抑郁倾的有效手段，以防止其发展成心理异常的关键。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计） 六、运用理性情绪疗法矫正大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪 针对青少年大学阶段的心理特征而建立的理性情绪行为疗法技术，应具有费时少、收效快、技术简单易行等显著特点，使该理论的一些技术力求可以为大多数普通人理解和掌握。对于大学阶段的学生心理特征常伴有的抑郁和焦虑，常用的治疗手段是心理治疗，大学生抑郁、焦虑心理的矫正。 （一）共情矫正 应通过共情、解释等帮助学生正确认识和对待自身抑郁心理的性质。大学生相对于普通患病人群来说拥有较高的文化水平和个人素质。但同时对自身的不良情绪有更好的控制和隐藏的能力，这样就带来了相应的一系列问题。大学生的不良情绪很难被更多的人，甚至是自己发现，这样就阻断了后续的所有治疗程序。所以，在大学里应该加强心理健康教育和监测。对大学生的心理健康教育是全方位的、自始至终的、有侧重点的教育。多开展师生之间，生生之间的沟通，对不良情绪有很好的认识，使学生认识到拥有不良情绪或者是情绪亚健康甚至是一定的情绪障碍很正常，不是丢人的事，更不是“精神病”患者；再者，不良情绪如果不加以控制和调整，可能会演变成更为严重的情绪疾病甚至是心理障碍；还有就是，拥有情绪问题通过一定的调节和治疗是可以恢复的。这样的共情和解释一定要有相应的针对性和正确的引导意义。 在正确认识到自身情绪的情况下，应调动其积极性和主动性以配合治疗，这当中支持和鼓励占重要地位。通过倾听、反复保证和指导等手段，使学生将不良情绪发泄出来，然后共同分析所遇到的问题，把所有的解决方案罗列出来，再逐一分解来看待，寻找最佳处理方案。在此过程中要教会学生掌握正确的、积极的解决问题的办法，同时也要学生学会用积极的态度去勇敢地面对和解决生活中遇到的每一个问题。一些受情绪困扰不太严重的人也可以通过做认知家庭作业、自我陈述与对话分析等练习来自我认识不合理观念、自我辩驳不正确观念进而转变非理性信念。理性情绪行为所采用的家庭作业等形式，不仅可以巩固咨询效果，而且具有自我训练的价值，可以减少和预防来访者的依赖性。但是，理性情绪疗法中的咨访关系建立需要由咨询师的人格、知识、技能、知觉与判断的准确性等多种因素来保证。否则，咨询师的权威指导有可能直接误导甚至伤害来访者。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计） （三）环境影响 除了教师外，环境也是教育者。特别是宽松、融洽的人际环境，不仅影响人的情绪、智力、思想、行为，而且可以使人心情舒畅，激发人的毅力和斗志，促进身体和心理健康。通过思想道德修养课、心理健康教育课教师不仅要传授知识，还要注重健康人格的塑造也是心理教育的主渠道[9]。最重要的是发挥学校心理咨询中心的重要作用。对心理健康档案中每一个问题学生都要给予高度关注结合回访工作的同时，采用理性情绪行为疗法技术是矫治大学生抑郁和焦虑心理的重要手段。鼓励青少年多做积极的自我暗示，热爱生活，宽容、幽默，关心他人，善于倾诉，巧妙遗忘等，都可以使自己创造良好的心境，实现快乐的人生。总之，每个人的情况不同，可能承担生活压力的程度也不同，进行积极的自我身心调适，是防止甚至治疗抑郁倾向的有效手段，以防止其发展成心理异常的关键。 （四）自我矫正 大学生抑郁焦虑心理的预防调适主要是指抑郁情绪的自我调理。第一，尝试着多与人们接触和交往。及时向亲友、同学、心理医生倾诉淤积在心头的苦闷和烦恼，则可以排淤化结，使受挫的心灵得以平抚，感情的伤口得以愈合；第二，面对现实，了解自己的优点和不足，设定自己的人生目标。千万不要给自己制订一些很难达到的目标。可以将一件大的繁杂的工作分成若干小部分，根据事情的轻重缓急，做力所能及的事，不要对很多事情大包大揽；第三，主动转换自己生活环境和内容，发展自己的才能和兴趣。尽量多参加一些校园的活动和社团组织，尝试着做一些轻微的体育锻炼及文体艺术等活动。抑郁苦闷时，在校园里或郊外散散步，看看电视、电影，或听听音乐、写写日记等，避开引起不良情绪的事件或人，通过转移注意力达到稳定情绪，调整心境的目的；第四，自己创造好心境，学会快乐的生活。积极的自我暗示，热爱生活，宽容、幽默，关心他人，善于倾诉，巧妙遗忘等，都可以使自己创造良好的心境，实现快乐的人生。总之，每个人的情况不同，可能承担生活压力的程度也不同，进行积极的自我身心调适，是防止有抑郁倾向的人发展成心理异常的关键。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计） 理性情绪行为疗法，适应大学生的心理发展规律同时又结合时代发展规律。以唯物的哲学理论规律的情绪发展理论作为支持，通过精神情绪的调节揭示人类维护健康、战胜疾病的规律，寻找与丰富人类疾病的诊断、治疗、护理与预防的更全面、更有效的方法，并做到可以与临床医学最大的融合，最终协助临床医学技术的发展，提高医疗水平，促进人的身心健康。结论theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪的理性情绪行为疗法在治疗模式上的局限性有以下几方面：专业特质模糊，博采众家之长是心理社会治疗模式的优点，但是，与此同时，众多不同流派和学科的汇合的确也在一定程度上淡化了心理社会治疗模式的独特性，以至于有人不无讽刺地将心理社会治疗模式贬为大拼盘；过于注重过去经验，心理社会流派比较强调早年生活经验对当下行为的影响，这有一定的道理，但也不尽然，因为，还有许多行为只是现在发生的即时性行为，不一定具有早年生活的影响，而且，大部分人主要是生活在现在和未来，而不是依然停留于过去和现在；技术过于繁琐，心理社会治疗模式很为自己的丰富治疗技术手段自豪，但是，多样的技术治疗手段除了带来良好的治疗效果之外，同时，也耗去了大量的治疗时间，而且，过于精致的治疗技术抬高了心理社会治疗模式的门槛，对于治疗人员与患者都产生了很高的要求。这样不仅对患者产生相应的精神压力，也使得治疗人员在经验上难以获得更多的临床实践机会与经验。健康积极的情绪对健康和疾病的影响是非常明显的。此外，还由于多数疾病与心理因素都有密切联系，因此在大学生人群中心理问题的治疗和护理上应用理性情绪行为疗法的方法就显得十分重要了。它并不需要增加什么设备，几乎随时随地都可以做到，而且不难掌握。大量临床事实表明，保持愉快和乐观情绪，就会有良好的抗病能力。在治疗上可供依据的权威理论并不多。希望伴随着临床医疗技术的发展，可以有更多的专家去关注精神亚健康状态里的抑郁焦虑情绪的人，特别是对精神压力大而且敏感的大学生群体。理性情绪行为疗法的研究等待一代又一代的医学研究人员去完善。注释theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）[1]王磊磊.医学与哲学(临床决策论坛版).2009，(11).[2]许成岗,焦志安,曹文胜,于宏华.抑郁障碍与童年期被虐待经历的关系[J].精神医 学杂志,2007.[3]渡边昌祐.抑郁症和神经症:焦虑性障碍(新版).黑龙江科学技术出版社, 2005.http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B0011AU2V0/ref=fs_rd_1.[4]唐大中,郭菲郭国际.非常健康6+1:远离抑郁症•焦虑症.江苏科学技术出版社，2008.[5]周鄂生,陈寿斌,王茂胜,吴江明,王声萍,贺玲,荣华,李元华,张铭,张兴安,PingQin,杨旭.大学生心身健康与抑郁症状的相关关系研究[J].医学研究杂志.2009,(10)http://www.docin.com/p-451335551.html.[6]陈建辉.大学生抑郁症的成因和疏导机制研究[J].福建农林大学学报(哲学社会科学 版).2009,(05).[7]胡国尧.快乐就在转角处——情绪ABC理论在集体心理辅导课中的应用[J].思想理论教育.2011,(08).[8]丁乃姝,姚金玉.艾利斯ABC情绪理论对生活的启示[J].科技信息(学术研究).2008,(29).[9]李永慧,朱育红,徐光兴.高校心理咨询师角色定位与职业发展研究[J].思想理论教 育.2006,(32).参考文献theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）[1]王洋.医学与哲学(临床决策论坛版).2009，(11).[2]许成岗,焦志安,曹文胜,于宏华.抑郁障碍与童年期被虐待经历的关系[J].精神医学杂志.2007,(03).[3]曹文胜,于宏华,许成岗,焦志安.强迫障碍及其与人格障碍共病患者的童年期被虐待经历[J].中国心理卫生杂志.2007,(07).[4]渡边昌祐.抑郁症和神经症:焦虑性障碍(新版)出版日期:2005年5月1日出版社:黑龙江科学技术出版社,2005,(5).[5]唐大中,郭菲郭国际.非常健康6+1:远离抑郁症•焦虑症.江苏科学技术学报.2008,(1).[6]周鄂生,陈寿斌,王茂胜,吴江明,王声萍,贺玲,荣华,李元华,张铭,张兴安,PingQin,杨旭.大学生心身健康与抑郁症状的相关关系研究[J].医学研究杂志.2009,(10).[7]曹晓燕.大学生抑郁症的分析与治疗方案[J].临床和实验医学杂志.2007,(01).[8]韦莺,钟丽芳.大学生抑郁症的分析与防治[J].社会心理科学.2006,(06).[9]马丽丽.基于高校大学生抑郁症的若干思考[J].科教文汇(中旬刊).2007,(11).[10]孙延斐.对大学生抑郁症产生的原因分析及对策研究[J].企业家天地下半月刊(理论版).2008,(06).[11]周蜀溪.在校大学生抑郁症心理分析与调控策略[J].重庆三峡学院学报.2004,(02).[12]肖小英.心理抑郁与心理健康——大学生抑郁症及其预防[J].重庆师院学报(哲学社会科学版).2000,(01).[13]程琛,胡经纬,桑标.青春期冒险行为的认知神经科学研究及其教育启示[J].华东师范大学学报(教育科学版).2013(02).[14]邓欣媚,桑标.青少年情绪刺激感知与情绪调节的发展[A].第十五届全国心理学学术会议论文摘要集[C].2012.[15]桑标.《心理科学》的新要求[A].第十五届全国心理学学术会议论文摘要集[C].2012.[16]柏彩虹.《浅谈运用ABC理论疏导初中学生心理问题》[A].江苏省教育学会2006年年会论文集（文科专辑）[C].2006.[17]李永慧,朱育红,徐光兴.高校心理咨询师角色定位与职业发展研究[J].思想理论教育.2013,(03).[18]丁乃姝,姚金玉.艾利斯ABC情绪理论对生活的启示[J].科技信息(学术研究).2008,(29).theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）[20]刘肖岑,桑标,窦东徽.青少年自我保护性记忆的实验研究[A].第十二届全国心理学学术大会论文摘要集[C].2009.[21]张长英,桑标.幼儿叙述话语能力与错误信念理解的关系[A].第十二届全国心理学学术大会论文摘要集[C].2009.致 谢theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页 毕业论文（设计）本论文从立题到论文撰写整个过程都是在指导教师XXX的悉心指导下完成的。特别是指导教师在学习上，思想上都给予我极大的关怀和帮助，在传授我知识的同时，更注重培养我解决问题的思路和方法及创新能力，为我今后学习和工作打下了坚实的基础并开阔了我的视野。指导教师敏捷的思维和孜孜不倦的探索精神是我永远学习的榜样，我所取得的每一点进步无不凝聚着指导教师XXX的心血,我将最诚挚的谢意奉献给我的指导教师XXXXX2013年10月于佳木斯大学theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.第19页
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