环境科学交叉关系学科课后题答案第一章

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1、环境学概论第一周作业1.Environmentalproblemsarecomplexandinterrelated・WithintheecosystemeverycomponentseemstobeinterconnectedandinteractedwitheachotherasillustratedintheDarwirfstheoryoftherelationbetweentheproductionofseedsinredcloverandnumbersofcatsEnvironmentaiproblemsofteninvolvesocial,ethical,political

2、andeconomicissues.It'snoteasytoachieveacceptablesolutionstoenvironmentalissues;anenvironmentaldecisionthatissupportablefromaneconomicpointofviewmaynotbeplausiblefromthepoliticalperspective.AsthereintroductionofwolvesintoYellowstonemanifested,thesolutionhasanethicalsideandinflueneenotonlynaturalb

3、utalsoeconomicandsocialrealms.What'smore,environmentaiproblemsdonotnecessarilycoincidewithpoliticalboundaries,thusrequirethecollaborationofmultiplestatesorevennations・It'sgettinmorecomplicatedastheglobalizationacceleratesandthescaleofenvironmentalproblemsexpandsandrequiresbettergovernancetoensur

4、esustainabledevelopments・2.Theecosystemapproachisthecomprehensiveandintegratedmanagementofhumanactivities,basedonthescientificknowledgeaboutecosystemanditsdynamics,andachievesustainableuseofecosystemgoodsandservicesandmaintenanceofecosystemintegrity.Itistherightapproachbecauseanecosysteminvolves

5、notonlyallorganismsbutalsotheabioticenvironmerit,andtheyformacomplexnetworkofinterrelationships.Onlybythinkingsystematically,canweunderstandthedynamicsoftheecosystemandtaketherightactionwhichsatisfieshumanneedswhilepreservinghealthoftheecosystem・1.Thesecurityconsistsofeconomic,political,cultural

6、,socialandenvironmentalaspects.Urbanizationandhumanmigrationcanputgreatpressureonenvironment,leadingtolanddegradationandeutrophication,whichdestroyedtheaquaticecosystem.Thesewouldaffecttheeconomicandenvironmentalsecurity.Theenvironmentalchangealsothreatensenvironmentalresourcesandcausedsocialins

7、tabilityorevenconflictsandwars,thusposingathreattosocialandpoliticalsecurity.2.Defininghumanwell-beingisdifficultduetodifferingviewsonitsdefinition.firstistheresourcesthatpeoplepossess,includingmoneyandotherassets・Suchviewim