银行英语教材 Banking English

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1、UnitOneIntroductionSectionOne:TheIntroductionofcurrencyPassageOne:TheOriginofCurrencyInancienthistorycoinscirculatedasmoneylongbeforepapermoneywasused.TheearliestcoinsarebelievedtohaveoriginatedindependentlyinbothChinaandtheancientkingdomofLydiainthe7thcenturyBC.Inabout500BC,

2、ThefamousPersianKing,Darius,revolutionizedtheeconomyofhisempirebyusingcoinsasasubstituteforbarter.Evidenceofthischangehasbeenfoundinthewell-preservedinscriptionsandrockcarvingsinPersepolisinIran.PapermoneyappearedinChinainthe8thcentury.Itiswell-knownthatprintingwithmovableblo

3、ckswasinventedinChinaapproximately50BC,andpaperwasfirstsmanufacturedthereinabout100AD,bothnecessarytothemanufactureofpapercurrency.Theearliestpapermoneyconsistedofreceiptsthatwereissuedeitherforvaluablesdepositedatspecialshopsforsafekeepingorfortaxespaid-inkindandheldondeposi

4、tinaprovincialcenterratherthanbeingshippedtothecapital.VisitorstoChinaduringthe12thand13thcenturieswereimpressedbytheuseofpapermoney.MarcoPoloregarded“thecoinageofthispapermoney”asanovelwayofdoingwhatthealchemistshadtried.Inthe13thcenturythegovernmentofGenghisKhanexchangedits

5、papernotesforgold,andcounterfeitingpapermoneywasacapitaloffense.AlthoughgovernmentalunitsinChinahadgivenuptheissuanceofpapermoneybytheyear1500becauseofdifficultieswithoversupplyandinflation,privatebankscontinuedtoissueit.InEuropeduringtheMiddleAgestherewereimportantdevelopmen

6、tsinbankingandcreditinthelargetradingcentersofFlorence,Venice,Genoa,ConstantinopleandBruges.However,thesecentersdidnotusepapermoney,eventhoughbankstransferredfundswithlettersofexchangeandextendedcreditintheformofdelayedpayments.ItisbelievedthatpapercurrencywasfirstusedinEurop

7、einthe7thcentury,ataboutthesametimethatthefirstcommercialbankswereestablishedinSwedenandGreatBritain.PapermoneywasusedquiteearlybysettlersinNorthandSouthAmerica.In1685therewasacriticalshortageofcoinsinCanada,andtheFrenchcolonistsusedplayingcardscarryingofficialsealsandsignatu

8、resasmoney.Inthe18thcenturypapermoneywasissuedinmostoftheAmericancol