银行英语教材bankingenglish

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1、UnitOneIntroductionSectionOne:TheIntroductionofcurrencyPassageOne:TheOriginofCurrencyInancienthistorycoinscirculatedasmoneylongbeforepapermoneywasused・TheearliestcoinsarcbelievedtohaveoriginatedindependentlyinbothChinaandtheancientkingdomofLydiainthe7thcenturyBC・Inabout500

2、BC,ThefamousPersianKing,Darius,revolutionizedtheeconomyofhisempirebyusingcoinsasasubstituteforbarter.Evidenceofthischangehasbeenfoundinthewell-preservedinscriptionsandrockcarvingsinPersepolisinIran.PapermoneyappearedinChinainthe8thccntury.Itiswell-knownthatprintingwithmova

3、bleblockswasinventedinChinaapproximately50BC,andpaperwasfirstsmanufacturedthereinabout100AD,bothnecessarytothemanufactureofpapercurrency・Theearliestpapermoneyconsistedofreceiptsthatwereissuedeitherforvaluablesdepositedatspecialshopsforsafekeepingorfortaxespaid-inkindandhel

4、dondepositinaprovincialcenterratherthanbeingshippedtothecapital.VisitorstoChinaduringthe12thand13thcenturieswereimpressedbytheuseofpapermoney・MarcoPoloregarded"thecoinageofthispapermoney"asanovelwayofdoingwhatthealchemistshadtried.Inthe13thcenturythegovernmentofGenghisKhan

5、exchangeditspapernotesforgold,andcounterfeitingpapermoneywasacapitaloffense・AlthoughgovernmentalunitsinChinahadgivenuptheissuanceofpapermoneybytheyear1500becauseofdifficultieswithoversupplyandinflation,privatebankscontinuedtoissueit.InEuropeduringtheMiddleAgestherewereimpo

6、rtantdevelopmentsinbankingandcreditinthelargetradingcentersofFlorence,Venice,Genoa,ConstantinopleandBruges.However,thesecentersdidnotusepapermoney,eventhoughbankstransfeiTedfundswithlettersofexchangeandextendedcreditintheformofdelayedpayments・11isbelievedthatpapercurrencyw

7、asfirstusedinEuropeinthe7thcentury,ataboutthesametimethatthefirstcommercialbankswereestablishedinSwedenandGreatBritain・PapermoneywasusedquiteearlybysettlersinNorthandSouthAmerica・In1685therewasacriticalshortageofcoinsinCanada,andtheFrenchcolonistsusedplayingcardscarryingof

8、ficialsealsandsignaturesasmoney.Inthe18thcentuiypapermoneywasissuedinmostoftheAmericancol