Bilingual Education

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1、Anti-BilingualInitiative"Babel"inSchoolsBilingualBallotsBilingualEducationBilingualResearchCanardsDemographicChangeEndangeredLanguagesEnglishOnlyEnglishPlusLanguageRightsLanguageLegislationLifeAfterProp.227LouisianaMuhlenbergLegend"MultilingualGovernment"NationalIdentityOfficialEnglishO

2、pinionPollsPuertoRicoResearchControversyRecentMonographsJimCummins,BeyondAdversarialDiscourse(1998)JayGreene,AMeta-AnalysisoftheEffectivenessofBilingualEducation(1998)StephenKrashen,ANoteonGreene's"Meta-AnalysisoftheEffectivenessofBilingualEducation"(1998)KenjiHakuta,MemorandumonReadIns

3、titutepressreleaseonNRCReport(1997)IssuesinU.S.LanguagePolicyBilingualEducationFormanyAmericans,bilingualeducationseemstodefycommonsense–nottomentiontheMeltingPottradition.Theyask:·Ifnon-English-speakingstudentsareisolatedinforeign-languageclassrooms,howaretheyevergoingtolearnEnglish,th

4、ekeytoupwardmobility? ·Whatwaswrongwiththeold"sinkorswim"methodthatworkedforgenerationsofearlierimmigrants? ·Isn'tbilingualeducationjustanotherexampleof"politicalcorrectness"runamok–theinabilitytosaynotoavociferousethniclobby?SomeEnglishOnlyadvocatesgofurther,arguingthatevenifbilinguale

5、ducationiseffective–whichtheydoubt–it'sstillabadideaforthecountrybecausebilingualismthreatenstosapoursenseofnationalidentityanddivideusalongethniclines.Theyfearthatanygovernmentrecognitionofminoritylanguages"sendsthewrongmessage"toimmigrants,encouragingthemtobelievetheycanliveintheU.S.A

6、.withoutlearningEnglishorconformingto"American"ways. DianeAugustandKenjiHakuta,LettertoRosaliePorter(1997)Suchcomplaintshavemadebilingualeducationatargetofpoliticalattacks.OneofthemostserioustodateisnowunderwayinCalifornia,aballotinitiativethatwouldmandateEnglish-onlyinstructionforallch

7、ildrenuntiltheybecomefullyproficientinEnglish.Nodoubtmanyoftheobjectionstobilingualeducationarelodgedingoodfaith.Othersreflectethnicstereotypesorclassbiases.Sadtosay,theyallreflectapervasiveignoranceabouthowbilingualeducationworks,howsecondlanguagesareacquired,andhowthenationha