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1、PARTIIICLOZE(15MIN)Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldcorrectlycompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.Selectthecorrectchoiceforeachblank.Normative(规范的，标准的)ethicsisconcernedwithcriteriaofwhatismorallyrightandwrong.Itincludesthe(26)ofmoralrulest
2、hathavedirectimplicationsforwhalhumanactions,(27),andwaysoflifeshouldbelike.Thecentralquestionofnormativeethicsisdetermininghowbasicmoralstandardsarearrivedatand(28)・Theanswerstothisquestion(29)twobroadcategories-deontological(义务论的)andteleological(冃的论的)・Thepri
3、ncipaldifferencebetweenthemisthatdeontologicaltheoriesdonotappealtovalueconsiderationsinestablishingethicalstandards,(30)teleologicaltheoriesdo.Deontologicaltheoriesusetheconceptoftheirinherentrightnessinestablishingsuchstandards,whileteleologicaltheoriesconsi
4、derthegoodnessorvalue(31)byactionsastheprincipalcriterionoftheirethicalvalue・Inotherwords,adeontologicalapproach(32)doingcertainthingsonprincipleorbecausetheyare(33)right,whereasateleologicalapproach(34)thatcertainkindsofactionsarerightbecauseofthegoodnessofth
5、eirconsequences・Deontologicaltheoriesthusstresstheconceptsofobligation,ought,duty,andrightandwrong,whileteleologicaltheories(35)thegood,thevaluable,andthedesirable.Deontologicaltheories(36)formalorrelationalcriteriasuchasequalityor(37);teleologicaltheories,(38
6、),providematerialorsubstantivecriteria,as,forexample,happinessorpleasure・Theapplicationofnormativetheoriesandstandards(39)practicalmoralproblemsistheconcernof(40)ethics.Thissubdisciplineofethicsdealswithmanymajorissuesofthecontemporaryscene,includinghumanright
7、s,socialequality,andthemoralimplicationsofscientificresearch,particularlyintheareaofgeneticengineering・26.A・formB.formalityC・formulaD.formulation27.A.constitutionsB.institutionsC.consultationsD.insfructions28.A.justifiedB.justifyingC.justifiableD.justificatory
8、29.A.falloutB.falluponC.fallintoD.fallfor30.A.asB.whenC.whileD.since31・A.broughtintobeingB.beingbroughtintobeingC・bringintobeingD.havingbroughtintobeing32.A.callsonB.callsforC.call
